Adequação do plano de contingência para febre aftosa ao status “livre sem vacinação” no Brasil: avaliação crítica da governança e da capacidade de resposta
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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A obtenção do status de “livre de febre aftosa sem vacinação” pelo Brasil, reconhecida internacionalmente em maio de 2025, representa um marco sanitário, econômico e estratégico para a defesa agropecuária nacional. Essa transição, ao eliminar a barreira imunológica previamente existente, ampliou significativamente o impacto potencial de uma eventual reintrodução do vírus, exigindo maior prontidão institucional, clareza decisória e capacidade de resposta por parte do Estado. Nesse contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar criticamente a adequação do Plano de Contingência para Febre Aftosa – níveis tático e operacional (BRASIL, 2020) ao novo status sanitário do país e identificar subsídios para o seu aprimoramento. A pesquisa foi conduzida por meio de análise documental comparativa à luz das diretrizes da Organização Mundial de Saúde Animal (WOAH), da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHO) e da FAO, associada à observação sistemática do desempenho institucional em um exercício simulado completo (full-scale) de emergência zoossanitária realizado no estado de Minas Gerais em 2025. Os resultados evidenciaram lacunas estruturais, operacionais e de governança no plano vigente, incluindo redundâncias normativas, ausência de clareza em decisões estratégicas críticas, limitações na integração dos sistemas de comando e informação e desafios operacionais relacionados à biossegurança e à bioproteção em campo. A análise empírica demonstrou que, embora exista capacidade institucional instalada, a eficácia da resposta pode ser comprometida pela falta de diretrizes objetivas e pela adoção de abordagens excessivamente normativas, reforçando a necessidade de modelos de biossegurança baseados em gestão de risco e desempenho operacional. Conclui-se que a adequação do Plano de Contingência ao novo status sanitário requer ajustes estruturais, maior coerência sistêmica com outros instrumentos normativos e a incorporação de documentos de apoio, capacitação contínua e exercícios simulados regulares como elementos estratégicos da política nacional de preparação. Ao integrar análise documental, observação empírica e referenciais internacionais consolidados, este estudo contribui para a preparação e resposta a emergências, o fortalecimento da governança em biossegurança e bioproteção e para a ampliação da capacidade do Estado brasileiro de responder a emergências zoossanitárias de alto impacto, protegendo sua produção animal, sua economia e sua credibilidade internacional. Palavras-chave: febre aftosa; ; status sanitário livre sem vacinação; ; plano de contingência; ; governança sanitária; defesa agropecuária ; biossegurança e bioproteção; emergências zoossanitárias
Brazil’s achievement of the status of “free from foot-and-mouth disease without vaccination”, internationally recognized in May 2025, represents a sanitary, economic, and strategic milestone for national agricultural defense. This transition, by removing the previously existing immunological barrier, significantly increased the potential impact of a possible reintroduction of the virus, requiring greater institutional readiness, decision-making clarity, and response capacity from the State. In this context, this study aimed to critically assess the adequacy of the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Contingency Plan – tactical and operational levels (BRAZIL, 2020) to the country’s new sanitary status and to identify elements to support its improvement. The research was conducted through a comparative documentary analysis based on the guidelines of the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the FAO, combined with systematic observation of institutional performance during a full-scale simulated animal health emergency exercise carried out in the state of Minas Gerais in 2025. The results revealed structural, operational, and governance gaps in the current plan, including normative redundancies, lack of clarity in critical strategic decisions, limitations in the integration of command and information systems, and operational challenges related to biosafety and biosecurity in the field. Empirical analysis demonstrated that, although institutional capacity is in place, response effectiveness may be compromised by the absence of objective guidance and by the adoption of excessively normative approaches, reinforcing the need for biosafety models based on risk management and operational performance. It is concluded that aligning the Contingency Plan with the new sanitary status requires structural adjustments, greater systemic coherence with other regulatory instruments, and the incorporation of supporting documents, continuous training, and regular simulated exercises as strategic elements of the national preparedness policy. By integrating documentary analysis, empirical observation, and consolidated international frameworks, this study contributes to emergency preparedness and response, and the strengthening of biosafety and biosecurity governance and to expanding the capacity of the Brazilian State to respond to high-impact animal health emergencies, thereby protecting animal production, the national economy, and international credibility. Keywords: foot-and-mouth disease; ; disease-free without vaccination status; ; contingency plan; ; sanitary governance; ; agricultural defense; ; biosafety and biosecurity; ; animal health emergencies.
Brazil’s achievement of the status of “free from foot-and-mouth disease without vaccination”, internationally recognized in May 2025, represents a sanitary, economic, and strategic milestone for national agricultural defense. This transition, by removing the previously existing immunological barrier, significantly increased the potential impact of a possible reintroduction of the virus, requiring greater institutional readiness, decision-making clarity, and response capacity from the State. In this context, this study aimed to critically assess the adequacy of the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Contingency Plan – tactical and operational levels (BRAZIL, 2020) to the country’s new sanitary status and to identify elements to support its improvement. The research was conducted through a comparative documentary analysis based on the guidelines of the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the FAO, combined with systematic observation of institutional performance during a full-scale simulated animal health emergency exercise carried out in the state of Minas Gerais in 2025. The results revealed structural, operational, and governance gaps in the current plan, including normative redundancies, lack of clarity in critical strategic decisions, limitations in the integration of command and information systems, and operational challenges related to biosafety and biosecurity in the field. Empirical analysis demonstrated that, although institutional capacity is in place, response effectiveness may be compromised by the absence of objective guidance and by the adoption of excessively normative approaches, reinforcing the need for biosafety models based on risk management and operational performance. It is concluded that aligning the Contingency Plan with the new sanitary status requires structural adjustments, greater systemic coherence with other regulatory instruments, and the incorporation of supporting documents, continuous training, and regular simulated exercises as strategic elements of the national preparedness policy. By integrating documentary analysis, empirical observation, and consolidated international frameworks, this study contributes to emergency preparedness and response, and the strengthening of biosafety and biosecurity governance and to expanding the capacity of the Brazilian State to respond to high-impact animal health emergencies, thereby protecting animal production, the national economy, and international credibility. Keywords: foot-and-mouth disease; ; disease-free without vaccination status; ; contingency plan; ; sanitary governance; ; agricultural defense; ; biosafety and biosecurity; ; animal health emergencies.
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SCHIAVO, Paula Amorim. Adequação do plano de contingência para febre aftosa ao status “livre sem vacinação” no Brasil: avaliação crítica da governança e da capacidade de resposta. 2026. 131 f. Tese (Doutorado em Bioquímica e Biotecnologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
