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    Sensory quality of Coffea arabica L. genotypes influenced by postharvest processing
    (Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 2019) Barbosa, Ivan de Paiva; Oliveira, Antonio Carlos Baião de; Rosado, Renato Domiciano Silva; Sakiyama, Ney Sussumu; Cruz, Cosme Damião; Pereira, Antônio Alves
    The specialty coffee market has grown significantly in the past decades and has several cultivars with productive potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensory profile of the beverage produced from Coffea arabica L. genotypes based on postharvest processing and to identify cultivars with the greatest genetic potential for coffee cultivation in the city of Araponga, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with two replicates and 11 genotypes with different levels of resistance to rust. The sensory profile demonstrated an interaction between the genotype and the processing technique. Five of the genotypes presented total scores above 85 points according to the SCAA protocol. Moreover, two of these genotypes yielded heightened sensory notes after undergoing dry processing. The selection of coffee genotypes should consider the level of technology involved in the drying of the coffee beans, which preserves the potential quality of the beverage.
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    Genetic variability revealed by microsatellite markers in a germplasm collection of Jatropha curcas L. in Brazil: an important plant for biofuels
    (Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 2019) Dias, Luiz Antônio dos Santos; Souza, Romero de Lima; Corrêa, Thais Roseli; Caixeta, Eveline Teixeira; Fernandes, Erika da Costa; Muniz, Dandara Rêgo; Rosmaninho, Lucas Barbosa de Castro; Cardoso, Poliane Marcele Ribeiro
    We evaluated the genetic variability of a collection of Jatropha curcas germplasm, represented by 93 accessions, using microsatellite markers. Among the 60 markers tested, five of them detected polymorphisms, with a total of 11 alleles and mean of 2.2 alleles per loci. These five markers enabled the quantification of genetic variability through estimates of expected (He=0.42) and observed (Ho=0.64) heterozygosity, Shannon-Weaver index (H’=0.62), coefficient of inbreeding (ƒ=-0.44) and the formation of 11 clusters. Simultaneously, 14 accessions randomly sampled among the 93 and represented by seven plants each, were analyzed with these same five markers to quantify the within and between variability. Most of the genetic variation (92.58%) was contained within the accessions. These analyses revealed, for the first time, expressive genetic variability to be explored in this collection. The accessions UFVJC 05, 07, 12, 18, and 53 presented expressive variability among them with potential for the constitution of a base population for the breeding program.
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    Genetic progress of the peach breeding program of Embrapa over 16 years
    (Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 2019) Nardino, Maicon; Corrêa, Elisia Rodrigues; Barros, Willian Silva; Raseira, Maria do Carmo Bassols
    The peach breeding program of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), addressing the adaptation to mild winter conditions, is one of the largest in the world and maintains a germplasm collection of nearly 900 accessions. The objective was to estimate the genetic progress in fruit weight (FW) and fruit development period (FDP) resulting from the above program, by analyzing data records of 16 years (2000 – 2015) of 65 genotypes. Based on samples of ? 10 fruits, the mean annual FW (in g) and FDP (in number of days) from full flowering to harvest were determined. In the 16 years, the gain in FDP consisted of respective reductions of about -12.8, -3.3, -2.8 days for canning peach, fresh peach and nectarine. However, the genetic progress in fruit weight was 5.3, 1.4 and -17.9 g fruit-1 for canning peach, fresh peach and nectarine, respectively.
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    Heritability of morpho-agronomic traits in ornamental pepper
    (Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 2019) Nascimento, Mayana Ferreira; Rêgo, Elizanilda Ramalho do; Nascimento, Naysa Flávia Ferreira do; Leite, Pakizza Sherma da Silva; Finger, Fernando Luiz; Bruckner, Claudio Horst; Rêgo, Mailson Monteiro do
    This study was conducted to identify the allelic interactions and genetic effects involved in genetic control of quantitative traits in Capsicum annuum. Six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) were used to study the variances, means and allelic interactions of 16 quantitative traits evaluated. The additive part of the phenotypic variance found for plant height, number of peppers per plant, days to flowering and days to fruiting lead to the conclusion that phenotypic selection in the F2 generation are likely effective in obtaining genetic gains. According to the reduced model, the traits of canopy width, fruit width and number of seeds per fruit were not influenced by epistatic effects, but only by additive and dominant effects, which allows selection of superior individuals in segregating generations or improvement of these traits by means of hybridization.
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    Genetic parameters and selection of sugarcane in early selection stages for resistance to sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis
    (Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 2019) Tomaz, Adriano Cirino; Wartha, Cleiton Antonio; Resende, Marcos Deon Vilela de; Brasileiro, Bruno Portela; Peternelli, Luiz Alexandre; Barbosa, Márcio Henrique Pereira
    A T1 (sugarcane population originating from true seeds) and T2 (first sugarcane clonal stage) population were used to estimate genetic parameters and compare selection strategies for Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) resistance in sugarcane. In the T1 stage, heritability at the family mean level (h²=0.77) was higher than individual genotype heritability (h²=0.16), and the additive genetic effect was more important for sugarcane borer resistance than non-additive effects. In addition, there was high genotypic variance among and within full-sib families. In the T2 population, genotypic variance was high, and heritability at the clone mean level was moderate (h²=0.61). We can conclude that family experiments enable selection of more promising families and parents for borer resistance. However, due to high genotypic variance within families, selection at the T1 stage must be followed by clone selection at the T2 stage.