Avaliação da aprendizagem no ensino superior: práticas formativas e instrumentos inovadores na perspectiva de professores universitários
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A avaliação acontece em diversas atividades do nosso cotidiano, entretanto no campo educacional ela ganhou grande destaque. A avaliação, nessa instância, não é utilizada apenas para diagnosticar a aprendizagem do educando, mas tende a refletir a ideologia e os valores de uma sociedade, em determinado tempo histórico. A literatura tem mostrado (Costa, 2020b; Irala, Mena, 2021; Aguiar 2021) que alguns professores do ensino superior têm buscado novos instrumentos de avaliação que favoreçam a construção de conhecimentos por parte dos estudantes. Nesse contexto, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo Analisar as práticas avaliativas de docentes das licenciaturas do Centro de Ciências Humanas Letras e Artes/UFV, com foco na identificação e compreensão de instrumentos inovadores e de caráter formativo que potencializam a aprendizagem discente. Trata-se de uma abordagem qualitativa, na qual foi utilizado para a coleta de dados, um formulário contendo perguntas abertas e fechada e entrevista narrativa. Tal formulário foi direcionado a estudantes que estavam cursando o último período da graduação, formandos do segundo semestre de 2024, da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Foi pedido aos estudantes que indicassem no formulário professores que utilizavam práticas avaliativas que consideravam inovadoras. Após a indicação pelos estudantes, os professores foram informados sobre a pesquisa e consultados sobre o interesse em participar da pesquisa, por meio de uma entrevista. Os dados produzidos na pesquisa nos permitiram compreender que os instrumentos avaliativos utilizados pelos docentes revelam um conjunto amplo e diversificado de práticas, que transitam entre produções escritas, atividades colaborativas, uso intensivo de tecnologias digitais e estratégias participativas. A pesquisa evidenciou, ainda, que a inovação do processo avaliativo não reside apenas na novidade dos instrumentos, mas na forma como são articulados em uma prática pedagógica coerente, centrada no diálogo, no respeito e na construção coletiva do conhecimento. A avaliação formativa emerge, assim, como um processo contínuo de mediação, no qual o feedback, a autoavaliação e a reflexão compartilhada são fundamentais. Nesse sentido, concluiu-se que a transformação das práticas avaliativas no ensino superior depende tanto do domínio técnico de instrumentos diversificados quanto do compromisso ético e pedagógico com uma formação crítica, participativa e significativa. Palavras-chave: avaliação formativa; instrumentos de avaliação; ensino superior.
Assessment takes place in various activities of our daily lives, in the education field, it has acquired great prominence. In an education context, assessment is not only used for evaluating student learning; it also tends to reflect the ideology and values of a society at a given time in history. The literature has shown (Costa, 2020b; Irala, Mena, 2021; Aguiar 2021) that some university professors have sought new assessment instruments that favor the construction of knowledge by students. The general objective of this study focused on analyzing the learning assessment instruments used by university professors in the teacher education programs at the Center for Human Sciences, Letters and Arts at UFV, focusing on the identification and understanding of those considered innovative or formative that promote student learning. It took a qualitative approach, in which a form containing open-ended and multiple-choice questions as well as a narrative interview were used for data collection. The form was given to students who were in their final year of undergraduate studies (graduating in the second semester of 2024) at the Federal University of Viçosa, asking them to nominate professors who used innovative assessment practices. Following the students' nomination, the instructors were consulted about their interest in participating in the survey. At this point, they were informed about the survey and went through an interview phase. The data from the survey showed the assessment instruments used by the teachers reveal a broad and diverse set of practices, ranging from written productions, collaborative activities, intensive use of digital technologies, and participatory strategies. The survey showed that innovation in the assessment process lies not just in the novelty of instruments but in the manner in which they are combined into a coherent pedagogical practice centered on dialogue, respect, and the collective construction of knowledge. As such, formative assessment manifests as an ongoing mediation process, one in which feedback, self-assessment, and shared reflection are integral. The study concluded that the transformation of assessment practices in higher education depends as much on technical mastery of diversified instruments as it does on the ethical and pedagogical commitment to instruction that is critical, participatory, and meaningful. Keywords: formative assessment; assessment instruments; higher education
Assessment takes place in various activities of our daily lives, in the education field, it has acquired great prominence. In an education context, assessment is not only used for evaluating student learning; it also tends to reflect the ideology and values of a society at a given time in history. The literature has shown (Costa, 2020b; Irala, Mena, 2021; Aguiar 2021) that some university professors have sought new assessment instruments that favor the construction of knowledge by students. The general objective of this study focused on analyzing the learning assessment instruments used by university professors in the teacher education programs at the Center for Human Sciences, Letters and Arts at UFV, focusing on the identification and understanding of those considered innovative or formative that promote student learning. It took a qualitative approach, in which a form containing open-ended and multiple-choice questions as well as a narrative interview were used for data collection. The form was given to students who were in their final year of undergraduate studies (graduating in the second semester of 2024) at the Federal University of Viçosa, asking them to nominate professors who used innovative assessment practices. Following the students' nomination, the instructors were consulted about their interest in participating in the survey. At this point, they were informed about the survey and went through an interview phase. The data from the survey showed the assessment instruments used by the teachers reveal a broad and diverse set of practices, ranging from written productions, collaborative activities, intensive use of digital technologies, and participatory strategies. The survey showed that innovation in the assessment process lies not just in the novelty of instruments but in the manner in which they are combined into a coherent pedagogical practice centered on dialogue, respect, and the collective construction of knowledge. As such, formative assessment manifests as an ongoing mediation process, one in which feedback, self-assessment, and shared reflection are integral. The study concluded that the transformation of assessment practices in higher education depends as much on technical mastery of diversified instruments as it does on the ethical and pedagogical commitment to instruction that is critical, participatory, and meaningful. Keywords: formative assessment; assessment instruments; higher education
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Bastos, Vanilda de Paiva. Avaliação da aprendizagem no ensino superior: práticas formativas e instrumentos inovadores na perspectiva de professores universitários. 2025. 149 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
