O papel e os desafios dos governos locais para promover a economia circular em grandes cidades brasileiras
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A Economia Circular (EC) constitui uma abordagem sistêmica voltada à regeneração e restauração dos sistemas naturais e socioeconômicos, por meio da prevenção da geração de resíduos e da eliminação do desperdício, da recirculação de materiais e da manutenção de produtos e recursos em seu mais alto valor e utilidade pelo maior tempo possível. Nesse cenário, as cidades configuram espaços estratégicos para a transição circular, cabendo aos governos locais papel central na indução de políticas e práticas inovadoras. O objetivo desta tese foi investigar a atuação dos governos locais na promoção da economia circular em grandes cidades brasileiras, com foco na identificação dos fatores que condicionam seus papéis e influenciam os desafios enfrentados nesse processo. Como referência empírica, foram analisados os contextos de Salvador (BA) e São Paulo (SP). O estudo adota uma abordagem qualitativa, fundamentada na teoria institucional e no gerenciamento da transição, articulando revisão sistemática da literatura, análise documental, entrevistas semiestruturadas e observações de campo. Os resultados demonstram que os governos locais são reconhecidos como atores estratégicos na promoção da economia circular e vêm implementando ações e políticas relevantes nesse campo. Contudo, ainda carecem de capacidade institucional, planejamento estratégico integrado e modelos de atuação compatíveis com a complexidade sistêmica da transição circular. Evidenciou-se que seu papel transformador depende da atuação como empreendedores institucionais capazes de articular pressões coercitivas, normativas e miméticas em diferentes níveis do sistema urbano. As principais barreiras identificadas incluem a fragmentação da governança intersetorial e multinível, a ausência de um planejamento estratégico de EC capaz de integrar todas as áreas de atuação da prefeitura, a baixa articulação entre secretarias, limitações de capacitação e a falta de instrumentos de aprendizagem e avaliação contínua. Neste contexto, nesta pesquisa, conclui-se que a transição para a EC em contextos urbanos só será viável mediante fortalecimento institucional, integração entre políticas setoriais, capacitação contínua dos agentes públicos e engajamento multissetorial, de modo que os governos locais possam evoluir de uma atuação fragmentada para um protagonismo estratégico capaz de orientar a transformação socioeconômica, com foco no fechamento sistêmico dos fluxos urbanos e orientada pela lógica do metabolismo urbano circular. A pesquisa oferece ainda modelos analíticos e recomendações estratégicas que contribuem para fortalecer a capacidade institucional dos governos locais e orientar a transição circular em cidades brasileiras. Palavras-chave: economia circular nas cidades; cidades circulares; governos locais sustentáveis; transição circular nas cidades; gestão pública circular; brasil
The Circular Economy (CE) constitutes a systemic approach aimed at the regeneration and restoration of natural and socioeconomic systems through the prevention of waste generation, the elimination of disposal, the recirculation of materials, and the maintenance of products and resources at their highest value and utility for as long as possible. In this scenario, cities emerge as strategic arenas for the circular transition, with local governments playing a central role in fostering innovative policies and practices. The objective of this thesis is to investigate the role of local governments in promoting the Circular Economy in large Brazilian cities, focusing on the identification of the factors that shape their roles and influence the challenges faced in this process. As an empirical reference, the contexts of Salvador (BA) and São Paulo (SP) were analyzed. The study adopts a qualitative approach, grounded in institutional theory and transition management, and combines a systematic literature review, documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews, and field observations. The results show that local governments are recognized as strategic actors in promoting the circular economy and have been implementing relevant actions and policies in this field. However, they still lack institutional capacity, integrated strategic planning, and governance models compatible with the systemic complexity of the circular transition. Their transformative role was found to depend on acting as institutional entrepreneurs, capable of articulating coercive, normative, and mimetic pressures across different levels of the urban system. The main barriers identified include the fragmentation of intersectoral and multilevel governance, the absence of a strategic CE plan capable of integrating all areas of municipal administration, low interdepartmental coordination, limited capacity-building initiatives, and the lack of continuous learning and evaluation mechanisms. In this context, this research concluded that the transition towards a Circular Economy in urban contexts will only be feasible through institutional strengthening, the integration of sectoral policies, continuous capacity-building of public agents, and multisectoral engagement, enabling local governments to evolve from a fragmented performance to a strategic leadership capable of guiding socioeconomic transformation, with a focus on the systemic closure of urban flows and oriented by the logic of urban circular metabolism. The research also provides analytical models and strategic recommendations that contribute to strengthening the institutional capacity of local governments and guiding the circular transition in Brazilian cities. Keywords: circular economy in cities; circular cities; sustainable local governments; circular transition in cities; circular public management; brazil
The Circular Economy (CE) constitutes a systemic approach aimed at the regeneration and restoration of natural and socioeconomic systems through the prevention of waste generation, the elimination of disposal, the recirculation of materials, and the maintenance of products and resources at their highest value and utility for as long as possible. In this scenario, cities emerge as strategic arenas for the circular transition, with local governments playing a central role in fostering innovative policies and practices. The objective of this thesis is to investigate the role of local governments in promoting the Circular Economy in large Brazilian cities, focusing on the identification of the factors that shape their roles and influence the challenges faced in this process. As an empirical reference, the contexts of Salvador (BA) and São Paulo (SP) were analyzed. The study adopts a qualitative approach, grounded in institutional theory and transition management, and combines a systematic literature review, documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews, and field observations. The results show that local governments are recognized as strategic actors in promoting the circular economy and have been implementing relevant actions and policies in this field. However, they still lack institutional capacity, integrated strategic planning, and governance models compatible with the systemic complexity of the circular transition. Their transformative role was found to depend on acting as institutional entrepreneurs, capable of articulating coercive, normative, and mimetic pressures across different levels of the urban system. The main barriers identified include the fragmentation of intersectoral and multilevel governance, the absence of a strategic CE plan capable of integrating all areas of municipal administration, low interdepartmental coordination, limited capacity-building initiatives, and the lack of continuous learning and evaluation mechanisms. In this context, this research concluded that the transition towards a Circular Economy in urban contexts will only be feasible through institutional strengthening, the integration of sectoral policies, continuous capacity-building of public agents, and multisectoral engagement, enabling local governments to evolve from a fragmented performance to a strategic leadership capable of guiding socioeconomic transformation, with a focus on the systemic closure of urban flows and oriented by the logic of urban circular metabolism. The research also provides analytical models and strategic recommendations that contribute to strengthening the institutional capacity of local governments and guiding the circular transition in Brazilian cities. Keywords: circular economy in cities; circular cities; sustainable local governments; circular transition in cities; circular public management; brazil
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TRINDADE, Marcone Ambrósio. O papel e os desafios dos governos locais para promover a economia circular em grandes cidades brasileiras. 2025. 174 f. Tese (Doutorado em Administração) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
