Fundo de manutenção e desenvolvimento da educação básica – FUNDEB e sua contribuição na qualidade do ensino dos municípios amazonenses
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a efetividade da complementação financeira da União ao Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação (FUNDEB) nos municípios do estado do Amazonas, buscando compreender em que medida essa política contribui para reduzir desigualdades educacionais regionais e assegurar padrões mínimos de qualidade no ensino básico. A pesquisa adotou abordagem quantitativa e descritiva, utilizando dados secundários obtidos junto ao Tesouro Nacional, ao Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP) e a bases oficiais de indicadores socioeconômicos e educacionais. Foram analisados os repasses de complementação da União ao FUNDEB (VAAT, VAAF e VAAR) destinados às mesorregiões amazonenses no período recente, relacionando-os a variáveis de desempenho educacional, como matrículas, taxas de reprovação e evasão, IDEB, permanência escolar, infraestrutura das escolas e Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM). A análise envolveu o uso de tabelas, gráficos e percentuais comparativos para identificar padrões de distribuição de recursos e suas correlações com os resultados educacionais. Os resultados evidenciaram que a complementação financeira é essencial para garantir o valor mínimo por aluno nos municípios amazonenses, especialmente em regiões com baixa capacidade de arrecadação própria. Contudo, foram identificadas distorções na distribuição dos recursos, com concentração dos repasses na mesorregião Central e maior valor per capita destinado à mesorregião Sudoeste, que, apesar disso, apresentou os menores resultados no IDEB. Persistem desigualdades significativas entre mesorregiões e municípios, tanto no acesso à infraestrutura escolar quanto na qualidade da aprendizagem, indicando que a complementação financeira, embora necessária, não é suficiente para promover equidade educacional. A ausência de gestão eficiente, fragilidades na formação de professores, infraestrutura precária e dificuldades logísticas no estado comprometem a transformação dos recursos em avanços efetivos na educação básica. Conclui-se que o FUNDEB é um instrumento fundamental do federalismo fiscal para o financiamento da educação no Brasil, mas sua eficácia no Amazonas depende de políticas públicas mais focalizadas, gestão eficiente dos recursos e estratégias que considerem as especificidades territoriais e socioeconômicas do estado, de modo a garantir maior equidade e qualidade no ensino oferecido à população. Palavras-chave: Fundeb, desigualdades educacionais, qualidade do ensino básico.
This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the federal government's financial complement to the Fund for the Maintenance and Development of Basic Education and the Valorization of Education Professionals (FUNDEB) in the municipalities of the state of Amazonas, Brazil. The research sought to assess the extent to which this policy contributes to reducing regional educational inequalities and ensuring minimum quality standards in basic education. A quantitative and descriptive approach was adopted, using secondary data obtained from the National Treasury, the National Institute for Educational Studies and Research (INEP), and official databases on socioeconomic and educational indicators. The study examined federal complement transfers to FUNDEB (VAAT, VAAF, and VAAR) allocated to Amazonas' mesoregions in recent years, relating them to educational performance variables such as enrollments, dropout and failure rates, IDEB scores, school permanence, school infrastructure, and the Municipal Human Development Index (IDHM). Data were analyzed using tables, graphs, and comparative percentages to identify patterns in the distribution of resources and their correlation with educational outcomes. The results revealed that the federal complement is essential to guarantee the minimum funding per student in Amazonas municipalities, particularly in areas with low tax revenue capacity. However, distortions were identified in the allocation of resources, with a concentration of transfers in the Central mesoregion and higher per capita amounts directed to the Southwestern mesoregion, which nevertheless showed the lowest IDEB scores. Significant disparities persist among mesoregions and municipalities, both in access to adequate infrastructure and in learning quality, indicating that financial complementation alone is insufficient to ensure educational equity. Weaknesses in resource management, teacher training, school infrastructure, and logistical challenges within the state hinder the effective transformation of funding into improved educational outcomes. It is concluded that FUNDEB is a key fiscal federalism instrument for financing education in Brazil. However, its effectiveness in Amazonas depends on more targeted public policies, efficient resource management, and strategies that consider the state's territorial and socioeconomic specificities, in order to guarantee greater equity and quality in public basic education. Keywords: Fundeb, educational inequalities, quality of basic education.
This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the federal government's financial complement to the Fund for the Maintenance and Development of Basic Education and the Valorization of Education Professionals (FUNDEB) in the municipalities of the state of Amazonas, Brazil. The research sought to assess the extent to which this policy contributes to reducing regional educational inequalities and ensuring minimum quality standards in basic education. A quantitative and descriptive approach was adopted, using secondary data obtained from the National Treasury, the National Institute for Educational Studies and Research (INEP), and official databases on socioeconomic and educational indicators. The study examined federal complement transfers to FUNDEB (VAAT, VAAF, and VAAR) allocated to Amazonas' mesoregions in recent years, relating them to educational performance variables such as enrollments, dropout and failure rates, IDEB scores, school permanence, school infrastructure, and the Municipal Human Development Index (IDHM). Data were analyzed using tables, graphs, and comparative percentages to identify patterns in the distribution of resources and their correlation with educational outcomes. The results revealed that the federal complement is essential to guarantee the minimum funding per student in Amazonas municipalities, particularly in areas with low tax revenue capacity. However, distortions were identified in the allocation of resources, with a concentration of transfers in the Central mesoregion and higher per capita amounts directed to the Southwestern mesoregion, which nevertheless showed the lowest IDEB scores. Significant disparities persist among mesoregions and municipalities, both in access to adequate infrastructure and in learning quality, indicating that financial complementation alone is insufficient to ensure educational equity. Weaknesses in resource management, teacher training, school infrastructure, and logistical challenges within the state hinder the effective transformation of funding into improved educational outcomes. It is concluded that FUNDEB is a key fiscal federalism instrument for financing education in Brazil. However, its effectiveness in Amazonas depends on more targeted public policies, efficient resource management, and strategies that consider the state's territorial and socioeconomic specificities, in order to guarantee greater equity and quality in public basic education. Keywords: Fundeb, educational inequalities, quality of basic education.
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CRUZ, Patrick Jonathan Flores da. Fundo de manutenção e desenvolvimento da educação básica – FUNDEB e sua contribuição na qualidade do ensino dos municípios amazonenses. 2025. 65 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Administração) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
