Inserção urbana e condições de vida de famílias migrantes em cidades mineradoras: o caso de Vila Serrinha em Mariana, MG
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O acesso à moradia pelas famílias pobres enfrenta diversas barreiras, evidenciando os problemas urbanos e sociais presentes em uma sociedade capitalista, cuja produção de riqueza não é redistribuída. Nas cidades mineradoras, essa situação se agrava, evidenciando as desigualdades enfrentadas pelas camadas mais pobres, cujas famílias não conseguem se manter na “cidade legal”, com serviços públicos e infraestrutura, e necessitam se deslocar para áreas periféricas, na “cidade ilegal”, carentes desses recursos. Neste contexto, esse estudo teve como objetivo compreender como famílias migrantes com diferentes trajetórias e ocupações profissionais se inserem em cidades com atividades mineradoras, considerando sua condição de informalidade. Nesse processo, o estudo propõe caracterizar a condição de migrantes das famílias em termos das suas trajetórias, os aportes acionados para a sua reprodução social, e as condições vivenciadas no acesso à cidade e na superação da sua condição de marginalização. O estudo toma como base a realidade da cidade de Mariana, MG, com delimitação do território da Vila Serrinha para realização da coleta de dados primários junto às famílias que se organizam na informalidade e na precariedade do território estabelecido. Busca-se, portanto, apresentar a realidade dessas famílias, suas trajetórias e o processo de acesso à terra/moradia. Esse contexto está associado à atuação das mineradoras em cidades brasileiras que desempenham um papel ativo no processo de urbanização e na formação dos loteamentos irregulares. Muitas famílias de baixa renda migram para essas áreas em busca de oportunidades de vida e trabalho. O estudo abrangeu 50 moradias do território, que representam 50 famílias e 138 indivíduos, a para coleta de dados, foi realizada por meio da técnica de entrevistas e sistematizadas por análises descritivas. Os resultados apontaram que as famílias possuem origens diversas, todavia, na maioria das vezes com experiências prévias em outros bairros da cidade antes de migrarem para a Vila Serrinha. Constatou-se que a maior parte das famílias estão associadas às menores rendas, com até 2 salários mínimos (66% do grupo). Embora a maioria das famílias residam em moradias próprias, a maioria não possui registro de propriedade, já que os imóveis foram adquiridos por meio de transações e relações informais. Na maioria das vezes essas moradias são pequenas, sem acabamentos, e de precárias infraestruturas. Nesse processo de acesso à terra/moradia as famílias se constituem como agentes ativos no processo de autoconstrução, sem qualquer contrapartida pelo poder público e contando com escassa rede de vizinhança ou familiar no momento de chegada no bairro. A condição de migrante está associada a vivências de risco e ausências de infraestrutura e redes de serviços públicos. Entende-se, portanto, que a condição de migrante em Mariana impõe-se como uma necessidade para as famílias deixarem suas condições anteriores em busca de uma nova oportunidade de moradia na Vila Serrinha. Palavras-chave: famílias migrantes, moradias irregulares, autoconstrução, cidades mineradoras, loteamentos irregulares.
Access to housing by poor families faces several barriers, highlighting the urban and social problems present in a capitalist society, where wealth production is not redistributed. In mining cities, this situation worsens, highlighting the inequalities faced by the poorest layers, whose families are unable to maintain themselves in the “legal city”, with public services and infrastructure, and move to peripheral areas, in the “illegal city”, care of these resources. In this context, this study aimed to understand how migrant families with different trajectories and professional occupations fit into cities with mining activities, considering their informality. In this process, the study proposes to characterize the condition of migrant families in terms of their trajectories, the contributions used for their social reproduction, and the conditions experienced in accessing the city and overcoming their condition of marginalization. The study is based on the reality of the city of Mariana, MG, with the delimitation of the territory of Vila Serrinha to collect primary data from families that organize themselves in informality and in the precariousness of the established territory. The aim, therefore, is to present the reality of these families, their trajectories and the process of accessing land/housing. This context is associated with the activities of mining companies in Brazilian cities, which play an active role in the urbanization process and in the formation of irregular subdivisions. Many low-income families migrate to these areas in search of life and work opportunities. The study covered 50 homes in the territory, representing 50 families and 138 individuals. Data collection was carried out using the interview technique and systematized by descriptive analyses. The results showed that the families have diverse origins, however, most of the time they have previous experiences in other neighborhoods of the city before migrating to Vila Serrinha. It was found that most families are associated with the lowest incomes, with up to 2 minimum wages (66% of the group). Although the majority of families live in their own homes, the majority do not have property registration, as the properties were acquired through informal transactions and relationships. Most of the time these houses are small, unfinished and have poor infrastructure. In this process of access to land/housing, families constitute themselves as active agents in the self-construction process, without any compensation from the public authorities and with a scarce neighborhood or family network upon arrival in the neighborhood. Being a migrant is associated with experiences of risk and a lack of infrastructure and public service networks. It is understood, therefore, that the migrant condition in Mariana is a necessity for families to leave their previous conditions in search of a new housing opportunity in Vila Serrinha. Keywords: migrant families, irregular housing, self-construction, mining cities, irregular subdivisions.
Access to housing by poor families faces several barriers, highlighting the urban and social problems present in a capitalist society, where wealth production is not redistributed. In mining cities, this situation worsens, highlighting the inequalities faced by the poorest layers, whose families are unable to maintain themselves in the “legal city”, with public services and infrastructure, and move to peripheral areas, in the “illegal city”, care of these resources. In this context, this study aimed to understand how migrant families with different trajectories and professional occupations fit into cities with mining activities, considering their informality. In this process, the study proposes to characterize the condition of migrant families in terms of their trajectories, the contributions used for their social reproduction, and the conditions experienced in accessing the city and overcoming their condition of marginalization. The study is based on the reality of the city of Mariana, MG, with the delimitation of the territory of Vila Serrinha to collect primary data from families that organize themselves in informality and in the precariousness of the established territory. The aim, therefore, is to present the reality of these families, their trajectories and the process of accessing land/housing. This context is associated with the activities of mining companies in Brazilian cities, which play an active role in the urbanization process and in the formation of irregular subdivisions. Many low-income families migrate to these areas in search of life and work opportunities. The study covered 50 homes in the territory, representing 50 families and 138 individuals. Data collection was carried out using the interview technique and systematized by descriptive analyses. The results showed that the families have diverse origins, however, most of the time they have previous experiences in other neighborhoods of the city before migrating to Vila Serrinha. It was found that most families are associated with the lowest incomes, with up to 2 minimum wages (66% of the group). Although the majority of families live in their own homes, the majority do not have property registration, as the properties were acquired through informal transactions and relationships. Most of the time these houses are small, unfinished and have poor infrastructure. In this process of access to land/housing, families constitute themselves as active agents in the self-construction process, without any compensation from the public authorities and with a scarce neighborhood or family network upon arrival in the neighborhood. Being a migrant is associated with experiences of risk and a lack of infrastructure and public service networks. It is understood, therefore, that the migrant condition in Mariana is a necessity for families to leave their previous conditions in search of a new housing opportunity in Vila Serrinha. Keywords: migrant families, irregular housing, self-construction, mining cities, irregular subdivisions.
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Citation
LEÃO, Pedro Paulo Telles. Inserção urbana e condições de vida de famílias migrantes em cidades mineradoras: o caso de Vila Serrinha em Mariana, MG. 2024. 116 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Economia Doméstica) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
