Mudanças no curso de licenciatura em ciências biológicas da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa: fatores de interferência na opção dos egressos pela carreira docente na educação básica
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Este estudo investigou a visão dos egressos do curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas da UFV acerca da formação inicial oferecida aos mesmos. O objetivo foi identificar fatores internos do curso que podem ter influenciado na atratividade da carreira docente, principalmente na Educação Básica. O instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado foi um questionário semiestruturado, enviado via Google Forms, aos egressos que entraram no curso entre os anos de 2008 e 2020 e que vivenciaram mudanças como: primeiro docente contratado para o Setor de Educação em Ciências e Biologia (2008); reforma curricular em 2011; fortalecimento do setor e das disciplinas integradoras (2013), com a contratação de mais duas docentes; e a concentração das atividades extracurriculares, relacionadas à licenciatura, no Edifício das Licenciaturas, inaugurado em 2015. Os dados coletados foram tabulados e para a análise qualitativa utilizou-se a pesquisa fenomenológica. Responderam ao questionário 36 egressos e a maioria (35) avaliou positivamente a formação inicial, ressaltando o papel das disciplinas integradoras (31) e o papel dos docentes formadores dessas disciplinas (29), sendo reconhecidos como fontes de encorajamento e inspiração para a atuação na Educação Básica. As atividades extracurriculares em ensino, pesquisa e extensão foram consideradas pela maioria (35) dos egressos como fatores de influência sobre as escolhas profissionais. A monitoria e o Programa de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid) foram as atividades mais citadas na categoria de ensino, com nove respostas cada. A iniciação científica (IC) foi a atividade mais citada na categoria de pesquisa, com 13 respostas. Diferentes atividades de extensão foram citadas como os projetos de extensão BioLab (4) e BioLibras (2), além do Programa de Educação Tutorial - PETBio (4) e InBio - Empresa Júnior (2). O Pibid foi considerado um importante instrumento para o desenvolvimento acadêmico e profissional, ao proporcionar aos participantes a possibilidade de experimentar, desde os primeiros anos de graduação, o ambiente da sala de aula. Além disso, também permitiu a atuação nas diferentes realidades de escolas públicas, reconhecendo seus desafios e potencialidades. A monitoria foi reconhecida por proporcionar oportunidades de experimentar a prática docente em um ambiente seguro e controlado, sob a orientação de professores experientes. Embora a IC tenha sido uma atividade mencionada por muitos egressos, é importante ressaltar que ela pode ter um impacto diferente na formação de cada estudante. Alguns mencionaram que a IC não contribuiu para sua formação como professores, pois esta atividade está mais diretamente ligada à prática de pesquisa do que à prática docente. Dos 36 egressos que responderam ao questionário, 28 relataram ter atuado na docência após a conclusão do curso. Esses egressos destacaram a importância das experiências práticas e das atividades extracurriculares para a sua formação como docentes, no entanto também mencionaram as dificuldades enfrentadas na profissão, como a falta de recursos e infraestrutura adequados, a sobrecarga de trabalho, a falta de apoio e reconhecimento profissional, e os desafios de lidar com a diversidade e a complexidade dos contextos educacionais. O estudo contribuiu para a reflexão sobre as possibilidades de melhorias do ensino e aprendizagem em Ciências e Biologia no contexto da formação de professores e a partir dos dados levantados, sugere-se que sejam ampliadas as oportunidades de contato com a realidade escolar logo no início da graduação, permitindo aos estudantes uma maior aproximação com o contexto da Educação Básica. Palavras-chave: Formação de professores; Atratividade da carreira docente; Licenciatura.
This study investigated the views of graduates from the UFV Biological Sciences Degree course about the initial training offered to them. The objective was to identify internal factors of the course that may have influenced the attractiveness of the teaching career, mainly in Basic Education. The data collection instrument used was a semi-structured questionnaire, sent via Google Forms, to graduates who entered the course between the years 2008 and 2020 and who experienced changes such as: first teacher hired for the Science and Biology Education Sector (2008); curricular reform in 2011; strengthening of the sector and integrative disciplines (2013), with the hiring of two more teachers; and the concentration of extracurricular activities, related to the degree, in the new building, inaugurated in 2015. The collected data were tabulated and for the qualitative analysis, phenomenological research was used. 36 graduates responded to the questionnaire and the majority (35) positively evaluated the initial training, highlighting the role of the integrative disciplines (31) and the role of the teachers of these disciplines (29), being recognized as sources of encouragement and inspiration for acting in Basic Education. Extracurricular activities in teaching, research and extension were considered by the majority (35) of graduates as influencing factors on professional choices. Tutoring and the Teaching Initiation Program (Pibid) were the most cited activities in the teaching category, with nine responses each. Scientific initiation (IC) was the most cited activity in the research category, with 13 responses. Different extension activities were cited as the BioLab (4) and BioLibras (2) extension projects, in addition to the Tutorial Education Program - PETBio (4) and InBio - Junior Company (2). Pibid was considered an important instrument for academic and professional development, by providing participants with the possibility of experiencing, from the first years of graduation, the classroom environment. In addition, it also allowed action in different realities of public schools, recognizing their challenges and potentialities. Tutoring was recognized for providing opportunities to experience teaching practice in a safe and controlled environment, under the guidance of experienced teachers. Although IC was an activity mentioned by many graduates, it is important to note that it can have a different impact on the training of each student. Some mentioned that IC did not contribute to their training as teachers, as this activity is more directly linked to research practice than to teaching practice. Of the 36 graduates who responded to the questionnaire, 28 reported having worked in teaching after completing the course. These graduates highlighted the importance of practical experiences and extracurricular activities for their training as teachers, however they also mentioned the difficulties faced in the profession, such as lack of resources and adequate infrastructure, workload, lack of support and professional recognition, and the challenges of dealing with diversity and the complexity of educational contexts. The study contributed to the reflection on the possibilities for improvements in teaching and learning in Sciences and Biology in the context of teacher training and from the data collected, it is suggested that opportunities for contact with the school reality be expanded early in graduation, allowing students a greater approach to the context of Basic Education. Keywords: Teacher training; Attractiveness of the teaching career; Teaching degree.
This study investigated the views of graduates from the UFV Biological Sciences Degree course about the initial training offered to them. The objective was to identify internal factors of the course that may have influenced the attractiveness of the teaching career, mainly in Basic Education. The data collection instrument used was a semi-structured questionnaire, sent via Google Forms, to graduates who entered the course between the years 2008 and 2020 and who experienced changes such as: first teacher hired for the Science and Biology Education Sector (2008); curricular reform in 2011; strengthening of the sector and integrative disciplines (2013), with the hiring of two more teachers; and the concentration of extracurricular activities, related to the degree, in the new building, inaugurated in 2015. The collected data were tabulated and for the qualitative analysis, phenomenological research was used. 36 graduates responded to the questionnaire and the majority (35) positively evaluated the initial training, highlighting the role of the integrative disciplines (31) and the role of the teachers of these disciplines (29), being recognized as sources of encouragement and inspiration for acting in Basic Education. Extracurricular activities in teaching, research and extension were considered by the majority (35) of graduates as influencing factors on professional choices. Tutoring and the Teaching Initiation Program (Pibid) were the most cited activities in the teaching category, with nine responses each. Scientific initiation (IC) was the most cited activity in the research category, with 13 responses. Different extension activities were cited as the BioLab (4) and BioLibras (2) extension projects, in addition to the Tutorial Education Program - PETBio (4) and InBio - Junior Company (2). Pibid was considered an important instrument for academic and professional development, by providing participants with the possibility of experiencing, from the first years of graduation, the classroom environment. In addition, it also allowed action in different realities of public schools, recognizing their challenges and potentialities. Tutoring was recognized for providing opportunities to experience teaching practice in a safe and controlled environment, under the guidance of experienced teachers. Although IC was an activity mentioned by many graduates, it is important to note that it can have a different impact on the training of each student. Some mentioned that IC did not contribute to their training as teachers, as this activity is more directly linked to research practice than to teaching practice. Of the 36 graduates who responded to the questionnaire, 28 reported having worked in teaching after completing the course. These graduates highlighted the importance of practical experiences and extracurricular activities for their training as teachers, however they also mentioned the difficulties faced in the profession, such as lack of resources and adequate infrastructure, workload, lack of support and professional recognition, and the challenges of dealing with diversity and the complexity of educational contexts. The study contributed to the reflection on the possibilities for improvements in teaching and learning in Sciences and Biology in the context of teacher training and from the data collected, it is suggested that opportunities for contact with the school reality be expanded early in graduation, allowing students a greater approach to the context of Basic Education. Keywords: Teacher training; Attractiveness of the teaching career; Teaching degree.
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CANGUSSÚ, Paulo Henrique Mariani. Mudanças no curso de licenciatura em ciências biológicas da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa: fatores de interferência na opção dos egressos pela carreira docente na educação básica. 2024. 129 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Educação em Ciências e Matemática) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
