Política industrial e complexidade econômica na perspectiva dos intermediários de inovação: o caso do modelo EMBRAPII
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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Esta tese desafia a capacidade de implementação de uma ação voltada para a transformação industrial, estabelecido em um país em desenvolvimento, em fornecer elementos que fundamentem a utilização empírica de duas teorias: sobre Políticas Públicas Industriais (PPI) e Complexidade Econômica (CE). Enquanto discute-se o arcabouço sobre a execução de políticas industriais sob enfoque neoschumpeteriano/evolucionário, questões sobre as características e funções dos Intermediários de Inovação lançam luz para a lacuna teórica identificada, que se fundamenta na pouca clareza ou consenso sobre como os métodos originados da Complexidade Econômica devem ser usados na prática, o que resulta em uma desconexão em relação aos vários níveis estratégicos por parte da ciência, da tecnologia, da inovação e, principalmente, das políticas públicas industriais, que deixam em aberto a melhor forma de aproveitar essa complementariedade. Supondo que as organizações intermediárias podem ser uma das respostas para essa desconexão, reúnem-se esforços para a identificação de seus conceitos e características devido à fragmentada literatura que apoia esse construto. Nesse contexto fundamenta-se a questão que sustenta a motivação deste trabalho: Como se manifesta a busca pela complexificação da economia no planejamento e execução de uma política industrial brasileira? Como tese para essa inquietação, este trabalho argumenta que as características estruturais e funcionais dos Intermediários de Inovação possibilitam o entendimento e aproveitamento dos elementos provenientes das abordagens da Complexidade Econômica e sua interação com os instrumentos de estímulo e cobrança derivados de ações de Políticas Industriais. Para defender essa tese, o objetivo principal se deu em compreender como as características estruturais e funcionais dos intermediários de inovação apoiam o melhor aproveitamento das abordagens da Complexidade Econômica e a elaboração dos instrumentos de Políticas Industriais. Para alcance desse objetivo, este trabalho se desdobra em 3 etapas: identificar as dimensões da Complexidade Econômica que estabelecem campos de informações para a administração pública; compreender o modelo conceitual de um Intermediário de Inovação idealizado por uma Política Industrial e; identificar elementos da Complexidade Econômica em um Intermediário de Inovação idealizado por uma Política Industrial. Seguindo essas etapas, foi constatada que a Estrutura Industrial foi a dimensão derivada da Complexidade Econômica que mais se manifestou para a construção da EMBRAPII e informações proveniente dos elementos sobre Sofisticação e Diversificação de Produto e Serviço a mais utilizada. É necessária a criação de mecanismos para obter informações setoriais prevendo padrões futuros para desenvolver indústrias que se ajustem as potencialidades nacionais, características de uma organização intermediária é sugerida para tal finalidade. É ratificada a necessidade de o governo estabelecer um vínculo no alto escalão para que a coordenação das políticas verticais tenha o comprometimento das políticas horizontais. Indicadores de desempenho não direcionam resultados para as estruturas e funções dos Intermediários de Inovação nos sistemas de inovação, contribuindo para a desagregação de elementos teóricos. Por fim, é destacada a heterogeneidade e multifuncionalidade dos Intermediários de Inovação em um sistema nacional de inovação e suas diversas possibilidades de auxiliar os problemas de previsão política, quanto criação de externalidades inter, intra e suprassetoriais resultando em efeitos de aglomeração. Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento Econômico. Políticas Públicas Industriais. Complexidade Econômica. Intermediários de Inovação. Inovação. EMBRAPII. Análise de Conteúdo. ATLAS.ti.
This thesis challenges the ability to implement an action aimed at industrial transformation, established in a developing country, in providing elements that support the empirical use of two theories, on Industrial Public Policies and the Economic Complexity. While discussing the framework for the execution of industrial policies under a neo-Schumpeterian/evolutionary approach, questions about the characteristics and functions of Innovation Intermediaries shed light on the identified theoretical gap, which is based on the lack of clarity or consensus on how the methods originated from the Economic Complexity must be used in practice, which results in a disconnection in relation to the various strategic levels on the part of science, technology, innovation and, mainly, industrial public policies, which leave open the best way to take advantage of this complementarity . Assuming that intermediary organizations can be one of the answers to this disconnection, efforts are made to identify their concepts and characteristics due to the fragmented literature that supports this construct. In this context, the question that sustains the motivation of this work is based: How is the search for the complexification of the economy manifested in the planning and execution of a Brazilian industrial policy? As a thesis for this concern, this paper argues that the structural and functional characteristics of Innovation Intermediaries make it possible to understand and take advantage of elements from approaches to Economic Complexity and their interaction with stimulus and collection instruments derived from Industrial Policy actions. To defend this thesis, the main objective was to understand how the structural and functional characteristics of innovation intermediaries support the best use of Economic Complexity approaches and the elaboration of Industrial Policy instruments. In order to reach this objective, this work unfolds in 3 stages: to identify the dimensions of Economic Complexity that establish fields of information for public administration; understand the conceptual model of an Innovation Intermediary idealized by an Industrial Policy and; identify elements of Economic Complexity in an Innovation Intermediary idealized by an Industrial Policy. Following these steps, it was found that the Industrial Structure was the dimension derived from the Economic Complexity that most manifested itself for the construction of EMBRAPII and information from the elements on Sophistication and Diversification of Product and Service the most used. It is necessary to create mechanisms to obtain sectorial information, predicting future patterns to develop industries that adjust to national potentialities, characteristics of an intermediary organization are suggested for this purpose. The need for the government to establish a link at the highest level is ratified so that the coordination of vertical policies has the commitment of horizontal policies. Performance indicators do not direct results for the structures and functions of Innovation Intermediaries in innovation systems, contributing to the disaggregation of theoretical elements. Finally, the heterogeneity and multifunctionality of Innovation Intermediaries in a national innovation system is highlighted and their various possibilities to help problems of political forecasting, as well as the creation of inter, intra and suprasectoral externalities resulting in agglomeration effects. Keywords: Economic development. Industrial Public Policies. Economic Complexity. Innovation Intermediaries. Innovation. EMBRAPII. Content analysis. ATLAS.ti.
This thesis challenges the ability to implement an action aimed at industrial transformation, established in a developing country, in providing elements that support the empirical use of two theories, on Industrial Public Policies and the Economic Complexity. While discussing the framework for the execution of industrial policies under a neo-Schumpeterian/evolutionary approach, questions about the characteristics and functions of Innovation Intermediaries shed light on the identified theoretical gap, which is based on the lack of clarity or consensus on how the methods originated from the Economic Complexity must be used in practice, which results in a disconnection in relation to the various strategic levels on the part of science, technology, innovation and, mainly, industrial public policies, which leave open the best way to take advantage of this complementarity . Assuming that intermediary organizations can be one of the answers to this disconnection, efforts are made to identify their concepts and characteristics due to the fragmented literature that supports this construct. In this context, the question that sustains the motivation of this work is based: How is the search for the complexification of the economy manifested in the planning and execution of a Brazilian industrial policy? As a thesis for this concern, this paper argues that the structural and functional characteristics of Innovation Intermediaries make it possible to understand and take advantage of elements from approaches to Economic Complexity and their interaction with stimulus and collection instruments derived from Industrial Policy actions. To defend this thesis, the main objective was to understand how the structural and functional characteristics of innovation intermediaries support the best use of Economic Complexity approaches and the elaboration of Industrial Policy instruments. In order to reach this objective, this work unfolds in 3 stages: to identify the dimensions of Economic Complexity that establish fields of information for public administration; understand the conceptual model of an Innovation Intermediary idealized by an Industrial Policy and; identify elements of Economic Complexity in an Innovation Intermediary idealized by an Industrial Policy. Following these steps, it was found that the Industrial Structure was the dimension derived from the Economic Complexity that most manifested itself for the construction of EMBRAPII and information from the elements on Sophistication and Diversification of Product and Service the most used. It is necessary to create mechanisms to obtain sectorial information, predicting future patterns to develop industries that adjust to national potentialities, characteristics of an intermediary organization are suggested for this purpose. The need for the government to establish a link at the highest level is ratified so that the coordination of vertical policies has the commitment of horizontal policies. Performance indicators do not direct results for the structures and functions of Innovation Intermediaries in innovation systems, contributing to the disaggregation of theoretical elements. Finally, the heterogeneity and multifunctionality of Innovation Intermediaries in a national innovation system is highlighted and their various possibilities to help problems of political forecasting, as well as the creation of inter, intra and suprasectoral externalities resulting in agglomeration effects. Keywords: Economic development. Industrial Public Policies. Economic Complexity. Innovation Intermediaries. Innovation. EMBRAPII. Content analysis. ATLAS.ti.
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FELIZARDO JÚNIOR, Nuno Álvares. Política industrial e complexidade econômica na perspectiva dos intermediários de inovação: o caso do modelo EMBRAPII. 2023. 242 f. Tese (Doutorado em Administração) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2023.
