Efeitos da exposição gestacional ao herbicida Calaris® no desenvolvimento pós-natal da próstata ventral de ratos Wistar
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O uso crescente de herbicidas na agricultura tem ampliado a exposição ambiental a compostos potencialmente tóxicos, incluindo formulações comerciais cuja toxicidade combinada ainda é pouco compreendida. O Calaris®, composto por atrazina e mesotriona, é amplamente utilizado no controle de plantas daninhas no Brasil. Porém, seus efeitos sobre o sistema reprodutor masculino, especialmente após exposição gestacional, permanecem sem investigação. Considerando a sensibilidade do período intrauterino à programação do desenvolvimento prostático, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da exposição gestacional ao Calaris® sobre a próstata ventral de filhotes aos 28, 44 e 70 dias de idade. Ratas Wistar prenhes foram expostas a doses baixas (2 mg Kg-1) e altas (20 mg Kg-1) da mistura de herbicidas durante a gestação. Após o desmame, os filhotes machos foram eutanasiados nas diferentes idades para coleta da próstata ventral (CEUA 32/2023). Fragmentos do órgão foram avaliados quanto a parâmetros histopatológicos, histomorfométricos e oxidativos. Os dados foram submetidos aos testes ANOVA unidirecional e Tukey ao nível de significância p = 0,05. Animais de 28 dias de idade expostos à maior dose apresentaram maior concentração de proteínas carboniladas e malondialdeído, menor percentual de lúmen e maior percentual de epitélio, com presença de células apoptóticas. Já ratos com 44 dias de idade expostos à maior dose de Calaris® apresentaram maior concentração de malondialdeído e alterações morfológicas, como maior proporção epitelial e do lúmen, descamação epitelial, marginação leucocitária e atrofia glandular. Animais adultos (70 dias de idade), na maior dose, apresentaram alterações histológicas como atrofia glandular, pregueamento epitelial, marginação leucocitária, infiltrado inflamatório, descamação e apoptose, seguidas por menor proporção luminal, menor atividade de superóxido dismutase e maior quantidade de mastócitos. Podemos concluir que Calaris®, especialmente quando administrada na maior dose, foi capaz de rebalancear precocemente o equilíbrio redox e desencadear modificações estruturais progressivas na próstata ventral ao longo do desenvolvimento pós-natal. Esses achados reforçam a importância de investigar os efeitos de formulações comerciais completas, além de evidenciar a vulnerabilidade do período gestacional na programação de alterações tardias no sistema reprodutor masculino. Palavras-chave: mistura de pesticidas; disruptores endócrinos ; morfogênese prostática; estresse oxidativo
The increasing use of herbicides in agriculture has increased environmental exposure to potentially toxic compounds, including commercial formulations whose combined toxicity is still poorly understood. Calaris®, composed of atrazine and mesotrione, is widely used for weed control in Brazil. However, its effects on the male reproductive system, especially after gestational exposure, remain uninvestigated. Considering the sensitivity of the intrauterine period to prostate development programming, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of gestational exposure to Calaris® on the ventral prostate of pups at 28, 44, and 70 days of age. Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to low (2 mg Kg-1) and high doses of the herbicide mixture (20 mg Kg-1) during gestation. After weaning, male pups were euthanized at different ages for collection of the ventral prostate (CEUA 32/2023). Fragments of the organ were evaluated for histopathological, histomorphometric, and oxidative parameters. The data were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests at a significance level of p = 0.05. Animals aged 28 days exposed to the highest dose showed higher concentrations of carbonyl proteins and malondialdehyde, a lower percentage of lumen, and a higher percentage of epithelium, with the presence of apoptotic cells. Rats aged 44 days exposed to the highest dose of Calaris® showed higher concentrations of malondialdehyde and morphological changes, such as a higher proportion of epithelium and lumen, epithelial desquamation, leukocyte margination, and glandular atrophy. Adult animals (70 days old) exposed to the highest dose showed histological changes such as glandular atrophy, epithelial folding, leukocyte margination, inflammatory infiltrate, desquamation, and apoptosis, followed by a lower luminal proportion, lower superoxide dismutase activity, and a higher number of mast cells. We can conclude that Calaris®, especially when administered at the highest dose, was able to rebalance the redox balance early and trigger progressive structural changes in the ventral prostate throughout postnatal development. These findings reinforce the importance of investigating the effects of complete commercial formulations, in addition to highlighting the vulnerability of the gestational period in programming late changes in the male reproductive system.Keywords: pesticide mixture; endocrine disruptors; prostate morphogenesis; oxidative stress
The increasing use of herbicides in agriculture has increased environmental exposure to potentially toxic compounds, including commercial formulations whose combined toxicity is still poorly understood. Calaris®, composed of atrazine and mesotrione, is widely used for weed control in Brazil. However, its effects on the male reproductive system, especially after gestational exposure, remain uninvestigated. Considering the sensitivity of the intrauterine period to prostate development programming, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of gestational exposure to Calaris® on the ventral prostate of pups at 28, 44, and 70 days of age. Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to low (2 mg Kg-1) and high doses of the herbicide mixture (20 mg Kg-1) during gestation. After weaning, male pups were euthanized at different ages for collection of the ventral prostate (CEUA 32/2023). Fragments of the organ were evaluated for histopathological, histomorphometric, and oxidative parameters. The data were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests at a significance level of p = 0.05. Animals aged 28 days exposed to the highest dose showed higher concentrations of carbonyl proteins and malondialdehyde, a lower percentage of lumen, and a higher percentage of epithelium, with the presence of apoptotic cells. Rats aged 44 days exposed to the highest dose of Calaris® showed higher concentrations of malondialdehyde and morphological changes, such as a higher proportion of epithelium and lumen, epithelial desquamation, leukocyte margination, and glandular atrophy. Adult animals (70 days old) exposed to the highest dose showed histological changes such as glandular atrophy, epithelial folding, leukocyte margination, inflammatory infiltrate, desquamation, and apoptosis, followed by a lower luminal proportion, lower superoxide dismutase activity, and a higher number of mast cells. We can conclude that Calaris®, especially when administered at the highest dose, was able to rebalance the redox balance early and trigger progressive structural changes in the ventral prostate throughout postnatal development. These findings reinforce the importance of investigating the effects of complete commercial formulations, in addition to highlighting the vulnerability of the gestational period in programming late changes in the male reproductive system.Keywords: pesticide mixture; endocrine disruptors; prostate morphogenesis; oxidative stress
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FARIA, João Victor Leles. Efeitos da exposição gestacional ao herbicida Calaris® no desenvolvimento pós-natal da próstata ventral de ratos Wistar. 2026. 67 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Biologia Celular e Estrutural) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
