Diagnóstico da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijão usadas por agricultores familiares da Zona da Mata
Data
2020-07
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Revista Brasileira de Agropecuária Sustentável
Resumo
Objetivou-se caracterizar e avaliar fisiologicamente as sementes de feijão usadas pelos agricultores familiares da Zona da Mata. Foram aplicados questionários com 74 agricultores não identificados, e obtidas amostras de sementes para avaliações da germinação e vigor, e comparação com a qualidade fisio-lógica daquelas produzidas pela EPAMIG. Apenas dois agricultores adquirem sementes comerciais (2,8%). Destes, 43% semeiam feijão vermelho, 28% preferem o feijão tipo carioca, outros 17% priorizam o feijão de coloração preta, enquanto 12% têm preferência por outros tipos. Todos realizam a colheita manualmente; já a debulha realizada manualmente por 20% dos agricultores, 54% fazem por bateção com varas e 26% usam trilhadeira. A secagem é realizada ao sol em terreiro por 80% dos agricultores, ao sol sobre lona preta por 16% e em secador por 4%. O beneficiamento do lote é realizado por catação manual por 20%, por peneiramento e sopragem 62% e 18% com máquina beneficiadora de cereais. O tratamento das sementes é feito por expurgo com gastoxim® (18% dos agricultores), com barro de terra de formigueiro (28%), cinza de madeira (5%), casca de laranja moída (3%), folha de eucalipto moída (3%), esterco bovino curtido (6%). O acondiciona-mento das sementes, em 90% dos casos é feito em embalagens permeáveis, como lata e sacarias, 10% em impermeáveis, como garrafas pet. O armazenamento é feito em paióis (59%), depósitos de alvenaria (18%), porões (8%) e cômodos das casas (15%). Os agricultores não realizam práticas exclusivas para campo de sementes; apenas dois agricultores, esporadicamente, eliminam plantas com sintomas visíveis de doença. A taxa de utilização de sementes pelos agricultores familiares da Zona da Mata é muito baixa, bem inferior à do pais. Os agricultores não realizam práticas exclusivas para campo de produção de sementes. Aproximadamente 80% dos agricultores produziram sementes com germinação superior ao mínimo exigido pela legislação. Apenas, 19% dos agricultores produziram sementes com alto vigor.
The objective was to characterize and physiologically evaluate the bean seeds used by family farmers in Zona da Mata. Questionnaires were applied to 74 unidentified farmers, and seed samples were obtained for evaluations of germination and vigor, and comparison with the physiological quality of those produced by EPAMIG. Only two farmers purchase commercial seeds (2.8%). Of these, 43% sow red beans, 28% prefer carioca beans, another 17% prioritize black beans, while 12% prefer other types. All perform the harvest manually; the threshing carried out manually by 20% of the farmers, 54% do it by hitting it with sticks and 26% use the trail. Drying is carried out in the sun on a terrace by 80% of farmers, in the sun on black canvas by 16% and in a dryer by 4%. The batch is processed by hand picking by 20%, by sieving and blowing 62% and 18% with a grain processing machine. Seed treatment is done by purge with gastxim® (18% of farmers), with anthill clay (28%), wood ash (5%), ground orange peel (3%), ground eucalyptus leaf (3%), tanned manure (6%). The seeds are packed in 90% of the cases in permeable packaging, such as cans and sacks, 10% in impermeable ones, such as pet bottles. Storage is done in storerooms (59%), masonry warehouses (18%), basements (8%) and rooms in the houses (15%). Farmers do not carry out exclusive practices for seed fields; only two farmers, sporadically, eliminate plants with visible symptoms of disease. The rate of seed use by family farmers in Zona da Mata is very low, well below that of the country. Farmers do not carry out exclusive practices for seed production. Approximately 80% of farmers produced seeds with germination higher than the minimum required by law. Only 19% of farmers produced seeds with high vigor.
The objective was to characterize and physiologically evaluate the bean seeds used by family farmers in Zona da Mata. Questionnaires were applied to 74 unidentified farmers, and seed samples were obtained for evaluations of germination and vigor, and comparison with the physiological quality of those produced by EPAMIG. Only two farmers purchase commercial seeds (2.8%). Of these, 43% sow red beans, 28% prefer carioca beans, another 17% prioritize black beans, while 12% prefer other types. All perform the harvest manually; the threshing carried out manually by 20% of the farmers, 54% do it by hitting it with sticks and 26% use the trail. Drying is carried out in the sun on a terrace by 80% of farmers, in the sun on black canvas by 16% and in a dryer by 4%. The batch is processed by hand picking by 20%, by sieving and blowing 62% and 18% with a grain processing machine. Seed treatment is done by purge with gastxim® (18% of farmers), with anthill clay (28%), wood ash (5%), ground orange peel (3%), ground eucalyptus leaf (3%), tanned manure (6%). The seeds are packed in 90% of the cases in permeable packaging, such as cans and sacks, 10% in impermeable ones, such as pet bottles. Storage is done in storerooms (59%), masonry warehouses (18%), basements (8%) and rooms in the houses (15%). Farmers do not carry out exclusive practices for seed fields; only two farmers, sporadically, eliminate plants with visible symptoms of disease. The rate of seed use by family farmers in Zona da Mata is very low, well below that of the country. Farmers do not carry out exclusive practices for seed production. Approximately 80% of farmers produced seeds with germination higher than the minimum required by law. Only 19% of farmers produced seeds with high vigor.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Colheita, Germinação, Pós colheita, Taxa de utilização, Vigor, Germination, Harvest, Post harvest, Utilization fee, Vigor
Citação
ARAUJO, Roberto Fontes et al. Diagnóstico da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijão usadas por agricultores familiares da Zona da Mata. Revista Brasileira de Agropecuária Sustentável, Viçosa, v. 10, n. 1, p. 115-123, jul. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21206/rbas.v10i1.8365.