O desenvolvimento do conceito de divisão por meio de desafios lógico-matemáticos
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O raciocínio lógico é algo muito cobrado em todos os conteúdos e aspectos da vida de um estudante, ele é algo inerente ao ensino de matemática, conforme se desenvolve o conhecimento abstrato necessário para concluir um exercício, é esperado que o aluno também desenvolva sua habilidade de estratégia para a resolução de problemas. Porém, devido a grande quantidade de conteúdo apresentado a estes alunos, nem sempre os exercícios alcançam o objetivo principal, muitas vezes são feitos de maneira mecânica e sem compreensão dos processos de elaboração e o aluno não absorve todo o potencial. Este trabalho visa construir e validar uma sequência didática focada no conteúdo de frações para potencializar o desenvolvimento do raciocínio lógico dos estudantes. Para isso, é apresentada a análise da aplicação desta sequência que visa apresentar os conteúdos de uma maneira lúdica e tornar as aulas de matemática mais produtivas inserindo um material extra e fora do convencional nas aulas, a fim de trabalhar o raciocínio lógico em crianças do 5º ano, 6º ano e 7º ano do ensino fundamental e também motivá-las a dar continuidade no fascínio pela matemática após os primeiros contatos com um professor específico da área. As aulas foram gravadas em vídeo constituindo assim um banco de dados que foram posteriormente analisados fazendo uso das ferramentas provenientes dos estudos socioculturais sendo nosso principal referencial teórico os trabalhos de Lev Vygotsky. Os resultados sugerem a eficiência do uso de signos durante as aulas e a necessidade de avaliar o nível de desenvolvimento real dos alunos. A aplicação da sequência didática permitiu identificar defasagens de aprendizagem anteriores ao conteúdo e intervir de forma eficaz na Zona de Desenvolvimento Proximal (ZDP). Palavras-chave: Raciocínio lógico, Resolução de problemas, Matemática; lúdica, Educação Matemática.
Logical reasoning is a highly demanded skill across all subjects and aspects of a student's life. It is something inherent to mathematics education: as the abstract knowledge required to complete an exercise develops, the student is also expected to develop their problem-solving strategy skills. However, due to the large volume of content presented to these students, exercises do not always achieve their main goal. They are often performed mechanically and without comprehension of the elaboration processes, resulting in the student not absorbing their full potential. This study aims to construct and validate a didactic sequence focused on the content of fractions to enhance the development of students' logical reasoning. For this purpose, we present the analysis of the application of this sequence, which seeks to introduce the content in a playful manner and make mathematics classes more productive by incorporating extra, non-conventional material. This approach intends to foster logical reasoning in children from the 5th, 6th, and 7th grades of Elementary School and motivate them to maintain their fascination with mathematics after their initial contact with a subject specific teacher. The classes were video-recorded, thus creating a database that was subsequently analyzed using tools derived from sociocultural studies, with the works of Lev Vygotsky as our main theoretical framework. The results suggest the efficiency of using signs during the classes and the need to evaluate the students' level of real development. The application of the didactic sequence allowed us to identify learning gaps prior to the content and intervene effectively in the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). Keywords: Logical reasoning. Problem-solving. Playful mathematics,; Mathematics Education
Logical reasoning is a highly demanded skill across all subjects and aspects of a student's life. It is something inherent to mathematics education: as the abstract knowledge required to complete an exercise develops, the student is also expected to develop their problem-solving strategy skills. However, due to the large volume of content presented to these students, exercises do not always achieve their main goal. They are often performed mechanically and without comprehension of the elaboration processes, resulting in the student not absorbing their full potential. This study aims to construct and validate a didactic sequence focused on the content of fractions to enhance the development of students' logical reasoning. For this purpose, we present the analysis of the application of this sequence, which seeks to introduce the content in a playful manner and make mathematics classes more productive by incorporating extra, non-conventional material. This approach intends to foster logical reasoning in children from the 5th, 6th, and 7th grades of Elementary School and motivate them to maintain their fascination with mathematics after their initial contact with a subject specific teacher. The classes were video-recorded, thus creating a database that was subsequently analyzed using tools derived from sociocultural studies, with the works of Lev Vygotsky as our main theoretical framework. The results suggest the efficiency of using signs during the classes and the need to evaluate the students' level of real development. The application of the didactic sequence allowed us to identify learning gaps prior to the content and intervene effectively in the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). Keywords: Logical reasoning. Problem-solving. Playful mathematics,; Mathematics Education
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VALADÃO, Juliana Bertolini. O desenvolvimento do conceito de divisão por meio de desafios lógico-matemáticos. 2025. 172 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Educação em Ciências e Matemática) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Florestal. 2025.
