Níveis protéicos e suplementação aminoacídica na dieta de frangos de corte na fase de crescimento
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2005-01-18
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Foram conduzidos 6 experimentos para avaliar o efeito da suplementação aminoacídica em dietas de frangos de corte com baixa proteína, de maneira a buscar redução dos efeitos poluentes, bem como maximizar o desempenho dos animais. No primeiro experimento, avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes níveis protéicos e de relações treonina/lisina digestível sobre o desempenho e o rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte machos, na fase de crescimento. Utilizou-se 3 níveis de proteína bruta (PB ) na dieta (20, 19 e 18 %) e 3 relações treonina digestível / lisina digestível (60, 65 e 70 %). Houve interação entre o nível protéico da ração e a relação treonina/lisina da dieta para ganho de peso e conversão alimentar (P<0,05). As aves que receberam dieta com 18% de proteína e relação treonina digestível:lisina digestível de 70% apresentaram 3% a mais de peso que as demais. As aves que receberam dieta com 18% de proteína e relação treonina digestível:lisina digestível de 70% apresentaram melhor conversão alimentar. O consumo de ração não foi afetado pelos níveis de proteína e nem pelas relações treonina/lisina estudados (P>0,05). O rendimento de carcaça, o de peito com osso, o de filé de peito e o de perna, não foram afetadas pelos níveis de proteína da dieta e nem pelas relações entre treonina digestível/lisina digestível (P>0,05). A porcentagem de gordura abdominal foi influenciada pelas relações entre treonina digestível/lisina digestível (P<0,05). No segundo experimento, avaliou-se o efeito da utilização de dietas com diferentes níveis de proteína e lisina digestível sobre o desempenho e rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte machos no período de 22 a 41 dias de idade. Utilizou-se 3 níveis de proteína bruta (22, 20,5 e 19%) e 3 níveis de lisina digestível (0,97; 1,045 e 1,123%). Não houve efeito dos níveis protéicos e nem do nível de lisina sobre o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar (P>0,05). O consumo de ração foi afetado pelo nível de lisina da dieta (P<0,05) sendo que as aves que receberam 0,97% de lisina apresentaram maior consumo. Verificou-se que não houve efeito dos níveis de proteína e de lisina sobre o peso absoluto e o rendimento de carcaça (P>0,05). Para o peso e o rendimento de peito com osso, verifica-se que houve efeito dos níveis de lisina e de proteína da dieta, sendo as aves que receberam menor nível de proteína bruta apresentaram maior peso absoluto de peito. Não houve efeito dos níveis de proteína e lisina estudados sobre os resultados de peso absoluto e rendimento de perna e filé de peito. Com relação à gordura abdominal, verificou-se que a mesma sofreu influência dos níveis de proteína estudados (P<0,05). As aves que receberam dieta contendo menor nível protéico apresentaram maior peso absoluto e rendimento de gordura abdominal. Não houve efeito da suplementação de lisina sobre os resultados de gordura abdominal (P>0,05). No terceiro e quarto experimentos, avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes níveis protéicos e suplementações de treonina e glicina sobre o desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e excreção de nitrogênio em frangos de corte machos na fase de crescimento. Utilizou-se dois níveis de proteína bruta (PB) na dieta ( 20 e 18 % ), duas relações treonina digestível / lisina digestível ( 60 e 70 % ) e suplementação ou não de glicina. Observouse efeito significativo do nível protéico sobre o ganho de peso das aves (P< 0,05), sendo que o nível de 18% de PB foi o que apresentou o maior ganho de peso para o período. O consumo de ração e a conversão alimentar não foram afetados pelos níveis protéicos, pela relação de treonina/lisina e nem pela suplementação de glicina estudados (P>0,05). Numericamente, a conversão alimentar das aves que receberam 18% de PB foi melhor que a das aves que receberam 20% de PB. O peso e rendimento de carcaça foram afetados pela relação treonina digestível/lisina digestível das dietas (P<0,05), mas não sofreram efeito dos níveis protéicos e nem da suplementação de glicina. O peso e rendimento de peito com osso não foram afetadas pelos níveis de proteína da dieta, pelas relações entre treonina digestível/lisina digestível e nem da suplementação de glicina da dieta (P>0,05). O peso absoluto da carcaça resfriada e o rendimento de carcaça foram influenciados pela relação treonina/lisina da dieta, sendo que as aves que receberam dieta com 60% de relação apresentaram os melhores valores. No quinto e sexto experimentos, avaliou-se o efeito de dietas com baixa proteína e suplementadas com treonina e glicina, em condições de criação com ambiente limpo e sujo, sobre o desempenho e o rendimento de carcaça, de frangos de corte machos na fase de crescimento. Utilizou-se duas relações treonina digestível / lisina digestível (60 e 70%), com suplementação ou não de glicina (0 e 0,3%) em dois ambientes sujo e limpo. Para o ganho de peso, observou-se efeito significativo da suplementação de glicina e do ambiente de criação sendo que as aves que receberam dietas com glicina suplementar apresentaram maior ganho (P<0,01). As aves criadas em ambiente sujo, ou seja, com desafio sanitário apresentaram desempenho superior àquele obtido por aves criadas em ambiente limpo (P<0,01). Nessa fase, a conversão alimentar foi influenciada pela relação treonina digestível:lisina digestível e pela suplementação de glicina da dieta. As aves que receberam a dieta contendo relação treonina:lisina de 60% e suplementação de glicina apresentaram melhor conversão alimentar quando comparadas às demais. Para consumo de ração, observou-se efeito do ambiente de criação, onde as aves criadas em ambiente com desafio sanitário apresentaram maior consumo. Não foi observado interação entre as relações treonina:lisina entre os ambientes e entre as suplementações de glicina para os parâmetros avaliados.
Six experiments were conduted to evaluate the effect of the aminoacid suplementation in diets of broiler chickens with low protein, in way to look for reduction of the pollutant effects, as well as to maximize animal performance. In the first experiment, the effect of different protein levels was evaluated and threonine:lysine ratio on the performance and the carcass parameters of broiler chickens, in the growing phase. It was used three levels of crude protein (PB) in the diet (20, 19 and 18%) and theree threonine:lysine ratio (60, 65 and 70%). There was interaction between the protein level of the diet and the threonine:lysine ratio for weight gain and feed conversion (P <0,05). The birds that received diet with 18% of protein and threonine:lysine ratio of 70% presented 3% more the of weight than the others. The birds that received diet with 18% of protein and threonine:lysine ratio of 70% presented better feed conversion. The feed consumption was not affected by the protein levels or for the threonine:lysine ratio (P>0,05). The carcass revenue, breast with bone, breast filet and leg, they were not affected for the levels of protein of the diet or for the threonine:lysine ratio (P>0,05). The percentage of abdominal fat was influenced by the threonine:lysine ratio (P <0,05). In the second experiment, the effect of the use of diets was evaluated with different protein levels and digestible lysine on the performance and carcass parameters of broiler chickens. It was used three levels of crude protein (22, 20,5 and 19%) and three levels of digestible lysine (0,97; 1,045 and 1,123%). There was not effect of the protein levels or lysine level on the weight gain and the feed conversion (P>0,05). The feed consumption was affected by the lysine level of the diet (P <0,05) and the birds that received 0,97% of lysine presented larger consumption. It was verified that there was not effect of the protein levels and of lysine on the absolute weight and the carcass revenue (P>0,05). Para the weight and the breast revenue with bone, is verified that there was effect of the lysine levels and of protein of the diet, being the birds that received smaller level of rude protein presented larger absolute weight of breast. There were not effect of the protein levels and lysine studied on the results of absolute weight and leg revenue and breast filet. With relationship to the abdominal fat, it was verified that the same suffered influence of the protein levels studied (P <0,05). The birds that received diet containing smaller protein level presented larger absolute weight and revenue of abdominal fat. There was not effect of the lysine supplementation on the results of abdominal fat (P>0,05). In the third and fourth experiments, it was evaluated the effect of different protein levels and threonine supplementation and glicina on the performance, carcass revenue and excretion of nitrogen in chickens of cut males in the growing phase. It was used two levels of crude protein (PB) in the diet (20 and 18%), two threonine:lysine ratio (60 and 70%) and supplementation or not of glicina. Significant effect of the protein level was observed on the weight gain of the birds (P <0,05), and the level of 18% of PB was what presented the largest weight gain for the period. The feed consumption and the feed conversion were not affected for the protein levels, for threonine:lysine ratio or for the clycine supplementation (P>0,05). The feed conversion of the birds that received 18% of PB was better than the one of the birds that received 20% of PB. The weight and carcass revenue were affected for the threonine:lysine ratio of the diets (P <0,05), but they didn't suffer effect of the protein levels or of the glycine supplementation. The weight and breast revenue with bone were not affected for the levels of protein of the diet, for threonine:lysine ratio or of the glycine supplementation of the diet (P>0,05). The absolute weight of the carcass and the carcass revenue were influenced by the threonine:lysine ratio of the diet, and the birds that received diet with 60% of relationship presented the best values. In the fifth and sixth experiments, the effect of diets was evaluated with low protein and supplementation with threonine and glycine, in clean and dirty enviroments, on the performance and the carcass revenue, of broiler chickens in the growing phase. It was used two threonine:lysine ratio (60 and 70%), with supplementation or not of glicina (0 and 0,3%) in two environment dirty and clean. For the weight gain, significant effect of the glycine supplementation was observed and of the environment and the birds that received diets with supplemental glycine presented larger gain (P <0,01). The birds created in dirty environment, with sanitary challenge they presented superior performance the that obtained by birds created in clean environment (P <0,01). In that phase, the feed conversion was influenced by the threonine:lysine ratio and for the supplemental glycine of the diet. The birds that received the diet containing threonine:lysine ratio of 60% and glycine supplementation presented better feed conversion when compared to the others. For feed consumption, effect of the environment was observed, where the birds in environment with sanitary challenge they presented larger consumption. Interaction was not observed among the threonine:lysine ratio, the environments and glycine supplementation.
Six experiments were conduted to evaluate the effect of the aminoacid suplementation in diets of broiler chickens with low protein, in way to look for reduction of the pollutant effects, as well as to maximize animal performance. In the first experiment, the effect of different protein levels was evaluated and threonine:lysine ratio on the performance and the carcass parameters of broiler chickens, in the growing phase. It was used three levels of crude protein (PB) in the diet (20, 19 and 18%) and theree threonine:lysine ratio (60, 65 and 70%). There was interaction between the protein level of the diet and the threonine:lysine ratio for weight gain and feed conversion (P <0,05). The birds that received diet with 18% of protein and threonine:lysine ratio of 70% presented 3% more the of weight than the others. The birds that received diet with 18% of protein and threonine:lysine ratio of 70% presented better feed conversion. The feed consumption was not affected by the protein levels or for the threonine:lysine ratio (P>0,05). The carcass revenue, breast with bone, breast filet and leg, they were not affected for the levels of protein of the diet or for the threonine:lysine ratio (P>0,05). The percentage of abdominal fat was influenced by the threonine:lysine ratio (P <0,05). In the second experiment, the effect of the use of diets was evaluated with different protein levels and digestible lysine on the performance and carcass parameters of broiler chickens. It was used three levels of crude protein (22, 20,5 and 19%) and three levels of digestible lysine (0,97; 1,045 and 1,123%). There was not effect of the protein levels or lysine level on the weight gain and the feed conversion (P>0,05). The feed consumption was affected by the lysine level of the diet (P <0,05) and the birds that received 0,97% of lysine presented larger consumption. It was verified that there was not effect of the protein levels and of lysine on the absolute weight and the carcass revenue (P>0,05). Para the weight and the breast revenue with bone, is verified that there was effect of the lysine levels and of protein of the diet, being the birds that received smaller level of rude protein presented larger absolute weight of breast. There were not effect of the protein levels and lysine studied on the results of absolute weight and leg revenue and breast filet. With relationship to the abdominal fat, it was verified that the same suffered influence of the protein levels studied (P <0,05). The birds that received diet containing smaller protein level presented larger absolute weight and revenue of abdominal fat. There was not effect of the lysine supplementation on the results of abdominal fat (P>0,05). In the third and fourth experiments, it was evaluated the effect of different protein levels and threonine supplementation and glicina on the performance, carcass revenue and excretion of nitrogen in chickens of cut males in the growing phase. It was used two levels of crude protein (PB) in the diet (20 and 18%), two threonine:lysine ratio (60 and 70%) and supplementation or not of glicina. Significant effect of the protein level was observed on the weight gain of the birds (P <0,05), and the level of 18% of PB was what presented the largest weight gain for the period. The feed consumption and the feed conversion were not affected for the protein levels, for threonine:lysine ratio or for the clycine supplementation (P>0,05). The feed conversion of the birds that received 18% of PB was better than the one of the birds that received 20% of PB. The weight and carcass revenue were affected for the threonine:lysine ratio of the diets (P <0,05), but they didn't suffer effect of the protein levels or of the glycine supplementation. The weight and breast revenue with bone were not affected for the levels of protein of the diet, for threonine:lysine ratio or of the glycine supplementation of the diet (P>0,05). The absolute weight of the carcass and the carcass revenue were influenced by the threonine:lysine ratio of the diet, and the birds that received diet with 60% of relationship presented the best values. In the fifth and sixth experiments, the effect of diets was evaluated with low protein and supplementation with threonine and glycine, in clean and dirty enviroments, on the performance and the carcass revenue, of broiler chickens in the growing phase. It was used two threonine:lysine ratio (60 and 70%), with supplementation or not of glicina (0 and 0,3%) in two environment dirty and clean. For the weight gain, significant effect of the glycine supplementation was observed and of the environment and the birds that received diets with supplemental glycine presented larger gain (P <0,01). The birds created in dirty environment, with sanitary challenge they presented superior performance the that obtained by birds created in clean environment (P <0,01). In that phase, the feed conversion was influenced by the threonine:lysine ratio and for the supplemental glycine of the diet. The birds that received the diet containing threonine:lysine ratio of 60% and glycine supplementation presented better feed conversion when compared to the others. For feed consumption, effect of the environment was observed, where the birds in environment with sanitary challenge they presented larger consumption. Interaction was not observed among the threonine:lysine ratio, the environments and glycine supplementation.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Proteína ideal, Aminoácidos sintéticos, Frangos de corte, Ideal protein, Synthetic amino acids, Broiler chickens
Citação
DIONIZIO, Marli Arena. Protein levels and suplementar aminoacids in diet of broiler chickens in growing
phase. 2005. 116 f. Tese (Doutorado em Genética e Melhoramento de Animais Domésticos; Nutrição e Alimentação Animal; Pastagens e Forragicul) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2005.