Fatores explicativos do gerenciamento de resultados por restos a pagar nos municípios brasileiros
Arquivos
Data
2025-02-20
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a relação de fatores políticos, sociais, fiscal-financeiros, econômicos e pessoais dos gestores com os accruals discricionários orçamentários por meio dos restos a pagar nos governos municipais brasileiros. A partir das bases teóricas da Teoria da Escolha Pública, Teoria dos Ciclos Políticos, Teoria dos Escalões Superiores e o Gerenciamento de Impressão, os fatores considerados foram investigados em quatorze hipóteses, sendo divididos em quatro grupos: ciclo político, despesas sociais, economia/gestão fiscal e características pessoais dos gestores públicos. Como metodologia foi utilizado o modelo de mensuração do gerenciamento de resultados orçamentários via restos a pagar de Araújo, Queiroz e Paulo (2023). Por se tratar do âmbito público, é mais factível gerenciar o orçamento do que gerenciar o patrimônio. O modelo de pesquisa foi utilizado em painel dinâmico defasado em um e dois anos (L1 e L2), com uma amostra de 27.688 municípios brasileiros no período de 2015 a 2023. Como resultados, foi percebido que os restos a pagar foram utilizados como uma forma de gerenciar o resultado. Foi visto que, no aspecto político, o ano eleitoral serviu como um fator de gerenciamento dos resultados via restos a pagar. Isso teve relação direta com a intenção do gestor em se reeleger ou manter o partido no poder. Já com relação às despesas com saúde e educação, gerenciar o resultado via restos a pagar não se mostrou factível, pois, por serem despesas mais visíveis e essenciais, postergar a execução de pagamento dessas despesas acabava tendo reflexo imediato na população. O oposto acontecia quando se relacionava às despesas com pessoal, mostrando que este era um caminho para o GR. Explicava-se que o reajuste nos vencimentos dos gestores políticos era autorizado pela câmara de vereadores do governo local, o que podia abrir precedentes de discricionariedade na utilização dos restos a pagar. O aspecto econômico, representado pelo PIB e a transferência do FPM, indicava que, quando havia maior arrecadação e maior repasse de verbas, existia maior propensão a fazer o carregamento de restos a pagar, isso para demonstrar uma folga orçamentária e fazer possíveis compensações financeiras em período oportuno. Por fim, os resultados encontrados indicaram que gestoras do sexo feminino eram menos propensas ao GR. Isso implicava que, devido ao senso comum e ao grau de uma maior aversão a atos discricionários, gestoras públicas tinham tendência a valorizar a ética nas práticas políticas. Em síntese, este estudo indicou que o gerenciamento de resultados no âmbito público poderia ser explicado por variáveis que iam além do aspecto político e/ou partidário, ampliando e contribuindo com a temática. Palavras-chave: Gerenciamento de resultados; Restos a pagar ; Municípios; Orçamento
The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between political, social, fiscal- financial, economic and personal factors of managers and discretionary budget accruals through leftovers payable in Brazilian municipal governments. Based on the theoretical foundations of Public Choice Theory, Political Cycle Theory, Upper Echelons Theory and Impression Management, the factors considered were investigated in fourteen hypotheses, divided into four groups: political cycle, social spending, economy/fiscal management and personal characteristics of public managers. The methodology used was the Araújo, Queiroz and Paulo (2023) model for measuring the management of budget results via unpaid debts. As this is a public sector issue, it is more feasible to manage the budget than to manage assets. The research model was used in a dynamic panel lagged by one and two years (L1 and L2), with a sample of 27,688 Brazilian municipalities from 2015 to 2023. As a result, it was found that accounts payable were used as a way of managing the bottom line. It was seen that, from a political point of view, the election year served as a factor in managing results via unpaid funds. This was directly related to the manager's intention to be re-elected or to keep the party in power. With regard to health and education expenses, managing the result via unpaid debts was not feasible because, as these are more visible and essential expenses, postponing the payment of these expenses ended up having an immediate impact on the population. The opposite happened when it came to personnel costs, showing that this was a path to GR. It was explained that the salary adjustments for political managers were authorized by the local government's council, which could open the door to discretion in the use of leftovers. The economic aspect, represented by the GDP and the FPM transfer, indicated that when there was greater revenue and a greater transfer of funds, there was a greater propensity to load up on leftovers, in order to demonstrate budgetary slack and make possible financial compensations in due course. Finally, the results showed that female managers were less likely to use GR. This implied that, due to common sense and a greater aversion to discretionary acts, female public managers tended to value ethics in political practices. In summary, this study indicated that results management in the public sphere could be explained by variables that go beyond the political and/or partisan aspect, broadening and contributing to the subject. Keywords: Earnings management; Accounts payable. ; Municipalities; Budget
The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between political, social, fiscal- financial, economic and personal factors of managers and discretionary budget accruals through leftovers payable in Brazilian municipal governments. Based on the theoretical foundations of Public Choice Theory, Political Cycle Theory, Upper Echelons Theory and Impression Management, the factors considered were investigated in fourteen hypotheses, divided into four groups: political cycle, social spending, economy/fiscal management and personal characteristics of public managers. The methodology used was the Araújo, Queiroz and Paulo (2023) model for measuring the management of budget results via unpaid debts. As this is a public sector issue, it is more feasible to manage the budget than to manage assets. The research model was used in a dynamic panel lagged by one and two years (L1 and L2), with a sample of 27,688 Brazilian municipalities from 2015 to 2023. As a result, it was found that accounts payable were used as a way of managing the bottom line. It was seen that, from a political point of view, the election year served as a factor in managing results via unpaid funds. This was directly related to the manager's intention to be re-elected or to keep the party in power. With regard to health and education expenses, managing the result via unpaid debts was not feasible because, as these are more visible and essential expenses, postponing the payment of these expenses ended up having an immediate impact on the population. The opposite happened when it came to personnel costs, showing that this was a path to GR. It was explained that the salary adjustments for political managers were authorized by the local government's council, which could open the door to discretion in the use of leftovers. The economic aspect, represented by the GDP and the FPM transfer, indicated that when there was greater revenue and a greater transfer of funds, there was a greater propensity to load up on leftovers, in order to demonstrate budgetary slack and make possible financial compensations in due course. Finally, the results showed that female managers were less likely to use GR. This implied that, due to common sense and a greater aversion to discretionary acts, female public managers tended to value ethics in political practices. In summary, this study indicated that results management in the public sphere could be explained by variables that go beyond the political and/or partisan aspect, broadening and contributing to the subject. Keywords: Earnings management; Accounts payable. ; Municipalities; Budget
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Administração municipal - Brasil, Contabilidade pública, Orçamento municipal, Despesa pública, Finanças públicas, Responsabilidade fiscal, Executivos públicos
Citação
OLIVEIRA, Pedro Henrique Jesus. Fatores explicativos do gerenciamento de resultados por restos a pagar nos municípios brasileiros. 2025. 96 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Administração) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.