Avaliação da inclusão de carboidrases e superdoses de fitase nas dietas de leitões em fase de creche
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2021-11-10
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O estudo foi realizado para avaliar o efeito da inclusão de carboidrases e suplementação de fitase em dietas para leitões na fase de creche sobre o no desempenho e viabilidade econômica das estratégias nutricionais. Foram utilizados 320 leitões, machos castrados e fêmeas, com peso inicial de 4,8 ± 0,7 kg. O delineamento experimental para disposição dos tratamentos foi o de blocos ao acaso, de acordo com o peso inicial dos animais, com 5 tratamentos (dietas experimentais), 8 repetições e 8 animais por unidade experimental representada pela baia. O período experimental foi dividido em três: pré-inicial – dos 20 aos 30 dias; inicial 1 – dos 31 aos 40 dias; e inicial 2 – dos 41 aos 61 dias de idade dos leitões. Em cada fase, as dietas experimentais consistiram em T1, dieta controle sem adição de enzimas exógenas; T2, dieta controle negativo com desvalorização de 0,14% de P disponível, 0,14% de Ca e 90 kcal de EM; T3, dieta T2 suplementada com 500 FTU de fitase e 100 g de carboidrase; T4, dieta T2 suplementada com 1000 FTU de fitase e 100 g de carboidrase; T5, dieta T2 suplementada com 1500 FTU de fitase e 100 g de carboidrase. Durante cada fase, foi avaliado o consumo diário de ração (CDR), ganho de peso diário (GPD) e conversão alimentar (CA). Os dados de desempenho foram analisados pelo modelo linear geral, via procedimento GLM do SAS, e as médias ajustadas foram comparadas pelo teste Tukey e os efeitos considerados significativos caso P < 0,05. A análise de viabilidade econômica foi realizada através da determinação do custo de ração em R$/kg de peso vivo ganho e o cálculo do índice de eficiência econômica. Na fase pré-inicial, a desvalorização de P, Ca e EM do T2 resultou na redução no GPD e piora na CA (p<0,01) se comparado ao T1, T3, T4 e T5. Na fase inicial I, animais T1 tiveram CRD superior aos animais T2 e similar aos tratamentos T3 a T5. Também, animais do grupo T1 tiveram GPD superior e melhor CA quando comparados aos tratamentos T2 ao T5. Na fase inicial II, o CRD não foi influenciado pelos tratamentos. Animais do grupo T1 tiveram CPD superior aos demais tratamentos (T2-T5) e melhor CA em relação aos tratamentos T2 e T3. Considerando o período total de avaliação, o CRD não foi influenciado pelos tratamentos. No entanto, animais T1 tiveram CRD superior aos animais T2 e similar aos tratamentos T3 a T5, e melhor CA quando comparados aos tratamentos T2 ao T5. Em termos de viabilidade econômica, o T1 obteve o melhor resultado quando comparado aos tratamentos T2 e T3. As dietas com inclusão de enzimas obtiveram melhores resultados em comparação a dieta desvalorizada sem enzimas. No entanto, a super dose de fitase não foi suficiente para promover a liberação de P e Ca necessários para melhorar o desempenho dos animais. Palavras-chave: Aditivos. Enzimas. Fósforo fítico. Nutrição. Suínos.
The effect of including carbohydrates and phytase supplementation in diets for piglets on the performance and economic viability of nutritional strategies was evaluated. 320 piglets, castrated males and females, with initial weight of 4.8 ± 0.7 kg were used. A randomized block experimental design was used, according to the initial weight of the animals, with 5 treatments (experimental diets), 8 replicates and 8 animals per experimental unit represented by the pen. The experimental period was divided into three: pre-initial – from 20 to 30 days; initial 1 – from 31 to 40 days; and initial 2 – from 41 to 61 days of age for piglets. In each phase, the experimental diets consisted of T1, control diet (without addition of exogenous enzymes); T2, negative control diet with devaluation of 0.14% of available P, 0.14% of Ca and 90 kcal of EM; T3, T2 diet supplemented with 500 FTU phytase and 100 g carbohydrase; T4, T2 diet supplemented with 1000 FTU of phytase and 100 g of carbohydrase; T5, T2 diet supplemented with 1500 FTU phytase and 100 g carbohydrase. Daily feed intake (DFI), daily weight gain (DWG) and feed conversion (FC) were measured. The performance data were analyzed by the general linear model, via the SAS GLM procedure, and the adjusted means were compared by the Tukey test and the effects considered significant if P < 0.05. The economic vability analysis was determined by the cost of feed in R$/kg of live weight gained and the calculation of the economic efficiency index. In the pre-initial phase, the devaluation of P, Ca and EM in T2 resulted in a reduction in DWG and worsening in FC (p<0.01) when compared to T1, T3, T4 and T5. In initial phase 1, T1 animals had higher DFI than T2 animals and similar to treatments T3 to T5. Also, animals from the T1 group had higher DWG and better FC when compared to treatments T2 to T5. In initial phase 2, DFI was not influenced by treatments. Animals in group T1 had higher DWG than the other treatments (T2-T5) and better FC compared to treatments T2 and T3. Considering the total evaluation period, the DFI was not influenced by the treatments. However, T1 animals had higher DFI than T2 animals and similar to treatments T3 to T5, and better FC when compared to treatments T2 to T5. In terms of economic viability, T1 had the best result when compared to treatments T2 and T3. The enzyme-included diets had better results compared to the devalued diet without enzymes. However, the super dose of phytase was not enough to promote the release of P and Ca necessary to improve the animal ́s performance. Keywords: Additives. Enzymes. Phytic Phosphorus. Nutrition. Pigs.
The effect of including carbohydrates and phytase supplementation in diets for piglets on the performance and economic viability of nutritional strategies was evaluated. 320 piglets, castrated males and females, with initial weight of 4.8 ± 0.7 kg were used. A randomized block experimental design was used, according to the initial weight of the animals, with 5 treatments (experimental diets), 8 replicates and 8 animals per experimental unit represented by the pen. The experimental period was divided into three: pre-initial – from 20 to 30 days; initial 1 – from 31 to 40 days; and initial 2 – from 41 to 61 days of age for piglets. In each phase, the experimental diets consisted of T1, control diet (without addition of exogenous enzymes); T2, negative control diet with devaluation of 0.14% of available P, 0.14% of Ca and 90 kcal of EM; T3, T2 diet supplemented with 500 FTU phytase and 100 g carbohydrase; T4, T2 diet supplemented with 1000 FTU of phytase and 100 g of carbohydrase; T5, T2 diet supplemented with 1500 FTU phytase and 100 g carbohydrase. Daily feed intake (DFI), daily weight gain (DWG) and feed conversion (FC) were measured. The performance data were analyzed by the general linear model, via the SAS GLM procedure, and the adjusted means were compared by the Tukey test and the effects considered significant if P < 0.05. The economic vability analysis was determined by the cost of feed in R$/kg of live weight gained and the calculation of the economic efficiency index. In the pre-initial phase, the devaluation of P, Ca and EM in T2 resulted in a reduction in DWG and worsening in FC (p<0.01) when compared to T1, T3, T4 and T5. In initial phase 1, T1 animals had higher DFI than T2 animals and similar to treatments T3 to T5. Also, animals from the T1 group had higher DWG and better FC when compared to treatments T2 to T5. In initial phase 2, DFI was not influenced by treatments. Animals in group T1 had higher DWG than the other treatments (T2-T5) and better FC compared to treatments T2 and T3. Considering the total evaluation period, the DFI was not influenced by the treatments. However, T1 animals had higher DFI than T2 animals and similar to treatments T3 to T5, and better FC when compared to treatments T2 to T5. In terms of economic viability, T1 had the best result when compared to treatments T2 and T3. The enzyme-included diets had better results compared to the devalued diet without enzymes. However, the super dose of phytase was not enough to promote the release of P and Ca necessary to improve the animal ́s performance. Keywords: Additives. Enzymes. Phytic Phosphorus. Nutrition. Pigs.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Suínos - Nutrição, Enzimas na nutrição animal, Fósforo na nutrição animal
Citação
ABE, Fabiana Miuki Higa. Avaliação da inclusão de carboidrases e superdoses de fitase nas dietas de leitões em fase de creche. 2021. 45 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2021.