Limites e possibilidades da escola na proteção de crianças em situação de violência intrafamiliar
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A violência constitui um fenômeno presente na sociedade capitalista contemporânea, afetando a população de diferentes formas e intensidades. Entre suas manifestações, a violência intrafamiliar atinge diretamente as crianças em distintos contextos históricos, culturais e sociais, demandando políticas públicas abrangentes e ações articuladas em rede para atendimento e prevenção. A presente pesquisa investigou a incidência de violência intrafamiliar contra crianças e analisou a percepção de professores e coordenadores da Educação Infantil de escolas públicas do município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, acerca dos limites e possibilidades na identificação e notificação desses casos. Os objetivos específicos foram: levantar os registros de violência intrafamiliar sofrida por crianças de 0 a 5 anos e 11 meses matriculadas na Educação Infantil em Viçosa-MG; identificar os procedimentos adotados pelas escolas diante desses casos; investigar as práticas institucionais de enfrentamento; conhecer as políticas internas de defesa da infância presentes nas instituições participantes; examinar as estratégias do município para proteção das crianças; e apontar os principais desafios enfrentados pelas escolas no enfrentamento da violência. A pesquisa, de abordagem sócio-histórico-crítica, desenvolveu-se em três frentes: bibliográfica, documental e de campo. Foram selecionadas sete escolas municipais, considerando a disponibilidade das profissionais e o interesse das instituições em participar do estudo. A coleta de dados ocorreu em duas etapas: pesquisa documental e realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com professoras, coordenadoras/diretoras e supervisoras. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo, com apoio do software Iramuteq. Os resultados apontam uma incidência significativa de casos de violência contra crianças, incluindo situações em que estas testemunham violência doméstica contra suas mães, além de episódios de violência psicológica, física e sexual. Contudo, a ausência de registros sistematizados e detalhados nos órgãos de atendimento compromete a elaboração de um quadro preciso da realidade local. Observou-se ainda que a rede de proteção municipal apresenta fragilidades, sobretudo no que se refere aos fluxos de encaminhamento e à inexistência de protocolos eficazes de atendimento, revelando dificuldades na articulação entre as escolas e os demais atores da rede diante da identificação da violência. Palavras-chave: violência intrafamiliar; criança; escola; proteção; limites; possibilidades
Violence is a phenomenon present in contemporary capitalist society, affecting the population in different ways and intensities. Among its manifestations, domestic violence directly affects children in distinct historical, cultural, and social contexts, demanding comprehensive public policies and coordinated network actions for care and prevention. This research investigated the incidence of domestic violence against children and analyzed the perception of teachers and coordinators of Early Childhood Education in public schools in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, regarding the limits and possibilities in identifying and reporting these cases. The specific objectives were: to collect records of domestic violence suffered by children aged 0 to 5 years and 11 months enrolled in Early Childhood Education in Viçosa- MG; to identify the procedures adopted by schools in the face of these cases; to investigate institutional coping practices; to understand the internal policies for the defense of childhood present in the participating institutions; to examine the municipality's strategies for the protection of children; and to point out the main challenges faced by schools in addressing violence. The research, with a socio- historical-critical approach, was developed on three fronts: bibliographic, documentary, and field. Seven municipal schools were selected, considering the availability of professionals and the institutions' interest in participating in the study. Data collection took place in two stages: documentary research and semi-structured interviews with teachers, coordinators/directors, and supervisors. For data analysis, the content analysis technique was used, with the support of the Iramuteq software. The results point to a significant incidence of cases of violence against children, including situations in which they witness domestic violence against their mothers, as well as episodes of psychological, physical, and sexual violence. However, the absence of systematized and detailed records in the service agencies compromises the elaboration of an accurate picture of the local reality. It was also observed that the municipal protection network presents weaknesses, especially with regard to referral flows and the lack of effective service protocols, revealing difficulties in the articulation between schools and other actors in the network when violence is identified. Keywords: domestic violence; child ; school; protection; limits; possibilities
Violence is a phenomenon present in contemporary capitalist society, affecting the population in different ways and intensities. Among its manifestations, domestic violence directly affects children in distinct historical, cultural, and social contexts, demanding comprehensive public policies and coordinated network actions for care and prevention. This research investigated the incidence of domestic violence against children and analyzed the perception of teachers and coordinators of Early Childhood Education in public schools in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, regarding the limits and possibilities in identifying and reporting these cases. The specific objectives were: to collect records of domestic violence suffered by children aged 0 to 5 years and 11 months enrolled in Early Childhood Education in Viçosa- MG; to identify the procedures adopted by schools in the face of these cases; to investigate institutional coping practices; to understand the internal policies for the defense of childhood present in the participating institutions; to examine the municipality's strategies for the protection of children; and to point out the main challenges faced by schools in addressing violence. The research, with a socio- historical-critical approach, was developed on three fronts: bibliographic, documentary, and field. Seven municipal schools were selected, considering the availability of professionals and the institutions' interest in participating in the study. Data collection took place in two stages: documentary research and semi-structured interviews with teachers, coordinators/directors, and supervisors. For data analysis, the content analysis technique was used, with the support of the Iramuteq software. The results point to a significant incidence of cases of violence against children, including situations in which they witness domestic violence against their mothers, as well as episodes of psychological, physical, and sexual violence. However, the absence of systematized and detailed records in the service agencies compromises the elaboration of an accurate picture of the local reality. It was also observed that the municipal protection network presents weaknesses, especially with regard to referral flows and the lack of effective service protocols, revealing difficulties in the articulation between schools and other actors in the network when violence is identified. Keywords: domestic violence; child ; school; protection; limits; possibilities
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RODRIGUES, Maíra Macêdo. Limites e possibilidades da escola na proteção de crianças em situação de violência intrafamiliar. 2025. 167 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Política Social) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
