Os conflitos de papéis vivenciados por docentes universitários atuantes como empreendedores acadêmicos em universidades federais brasileiras
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O objetivo geral do presente estudo foi identificar e caracterizar os conflitos de papéis vivenciados pelo docente universitário ao assumir o papel de empreendedor acadêmico dentro do contexto da universidade pública federal no Brasil. O conflito de papel foi abordado como objeto de pesquisa, investigado pelo presente estudo a partir do esforço em realizar a interseção entre o campo de pesquisa sobre empreendedorismo acadêmico e o arcabouço teórico baseado na teoria de papel, sob sua perspectiva organizacional. O conflito de papel então foi analisado no contexto de atuação do docente universitário partindo da assunção do papel de empreendedor acadêmico. Investigou-se a vivência deste conflito junto a docentes associados a universidades federais do Brasil, onde se realizaram entrevistas com 29 acadêmicos associados a 17 universidades brasileiras. O contexto empírico da universidade federal brasileira mostrou-se propício, uma vez que suas diretrizes reconhecem que o avanço aos incentivos para a comercialização da pesquisa pública é uma das tendências recentes mais fortes nas políticas de ciência, tecnologia e inovação. Ademais, em economias menos avançadas, como o Brasil, as universidades vêm se apresentando como agentes essenciais na geração de oportunidades para inovação, diante uma capacidade reconhecida como insuficiente para gerir e gerar inovações significativas em nível de empresas, indústrias e na economia. Propôs-se aqui a definição de que o conflito de papel no âmbito do Empreendedorismo Acadêmico pode ser entendido como a vivência de expectativas, responsabilidades ou demandas contraditórias ou incompatíveis em relação aos papéis de acadêmico e empreendedor pelo docente universitário em diferentes contextos ou situações, especialmente quando se envolvem processos de transferência de conhecimento e tecnologia a partir de sua universidade. Os conflitos experienciados pelos sujeitos de pesquisa foram identificados entre diferentes tipos: o conflito entre os padrões ou valores internos da pessoa focal e os comportamentos definidos para os papéis acadêmico e empreendedor; a manifestação de expectativas e demandas conflitantes na forma de critérios e diretrizes incompatíveis; e o conflito entre prioridades, recursos e habilidades da pessoa focal e o comportamento demandado para o papel empreendedor. Estes foram orientados por diferentes fatores, o que permitiu concluir que dado o envolvimento do docente universitário em iniciativas características do empreendedorismo acadêmico, conflitos de papel podem emergir, quando conflitos interpapéis, intraempreendedor e/ou intra-acadêmico são evidenciados, pois, muitas vezes, exigirá que expectativas comportamentais, responsabilidades e demandas contraditórias ou incompatíveis sejam satisfeitas, tanto no exercício dos papéis de acadêmico, quanto de empreendedor dentro da universidade. Entre as contribuições da presente tese, firma-se a noção de que tratar a universidade sem considerar a realidade daquele que assume o papel de empreendedor acadêmico em si tende a não capturar totalmente a complexidade do empreendedorismo acadêmico, tornando a relação universidade-empresa menos profícua quanto se manifestam as expectativas. Palavras-chave: empreendedorismo acadêmico; conflito de papéis; docentes universitários; universidade federal
The general objective of this study was to identify and characterize the role conflicts experienced by university professors when assuming the role of academic entrepreneur within the context of a federal public university in Brazil. Role conflict was approached as an object of research, investigated by this study based on the effort to make the intersection between the field of research on academic entrepreneurship and the theoretical framework based on role theory, from its organizational perspective. The role conflict was then analyzed in the context of the university lecturer's work, starting from the assumption of the role of the academic entrepreneur. We investigated the experience of this conflict among lecturers associated with federal universities in Brazil, where interviews were conducted with 29 academics associated with 17 Brazilian universities. The empirical context of the Brazilian federal university proved to be propitious since its guidelines recognize that the advance of incentives for the commercialization of public research is one of the strongest recent trends in ST&I policies. In addition, in less advanced economies such as Brazil, universities have become essential agents in generating opportunities for innovation, in the face of a capacity recognized as insufficient to manage and generate significant innovations at the level of companies, industries, and the economy. The definition proposed here is that role conflict in the context of Academic Entrepreneurship can be understood as the experience of contradictory or incompatible expectations, responsibilities, or demands about the roles of academic and entrepreneur by the university lecturer in different contexts or situations, especially when they involve processes of knowledge and technology transfer from their university. The conflicts experienced by the research subjects were identified among different types: the conflict between the focal person's internal standards or values and the behaviors defined for the academic and entrepreneurial roles; the manifestation of conflicting expectations and demands in the form of incompatible criteria and guidelines; and the conflict between the focal person's priorities, resources and skills and the behavior demanded for the entrepreneurial role. These were guided by different factors, which led to the conclusion that, given the involvement of university lecturers in initiatives characteristic of academic entrepreneurship, role conflicts can emerge when inter-role, intra-entrepreneurial, and/or intra-academic conflicts are evidenced, as they will often require contradictory or incompatible behavioral expectations, responsibilities and demands to be met, both when exercising the roles of academic and entrepreneur within the university. Among the contributions of this thesis is the notion that treating the university without considering the reality of those who take on the role of academic entrepreneur tends not to fully capture the complexity of academic entrepreneurship, making the university-enterprise relationship less fruitful when expectations are manifested. Keywords: academic entrepreneurship; role conflict; university lecturers; federal university
The general objective of this study was to identify and characterize the role conflicts experienced by university professors when assuming the role of academic entrepreneur within the context of a federal public university in Brazil. Role conflict was approached as an object of research, investigated by this study based on the effort to make the intersection between the field of research on academic entrepreneurship and the theoretical framework based on role theory, from its organizational perspective. The role conflict was then analyzed in the context of the university lecturer's work, starting from the assumption of the role of the academic entrepreneur. We investigated the experience of this conflict among lecturers associated with federal universities in Brazil, where interviews were conducted with 29 academics associated with 17 Brazilian universities. The empirical context of the Brazilian federal university proved to be propitious since its guidelines recognize that the advance of incentives for the commercialization of public research is one of the strongest recent trends in ST&I policies. In addition, in less advanced economies such as Brazil, universities have become essential agents in generating opportunities for innovation, in the face of a capacity recognized as insufficient to manage and generate significant innovations at the level of companies, industries, and the economy. The definition proposed here is that role conflict in the context of Academic Entrepreneurship can be understood as the experience of contradictory or incompatible expectations, responsibilities, or demands about the roles of academic and entrepreneur by the university lecturer in different contexts or situations, especially when they involve processes of knowledge and technology transfer from their university. The conflicts experienced by the research subjects were identified among different types: the conflict between the focal person's internal standards or values and the behaviors defined for the academic and entrepreneurial roles; the manifestation of conflicting expectations and demands in the form of incompatible criteria and guidelines; and the conflict between the focal person's priorities, resources and skills and the behavior demanded for the entrepreneurial role. These were guided by different factors, which led to the conclusion that, given the involvement of university lecturers in initiatives characteristic of academic entrepreneurship, role conflicts can emerge when inter-role, intra-entrepreneurial, and/or intra-academic conflicts are evidenced, as they will often require contradictory or incompatible behavioral expectations, responsibilities and demands to be met, both when exercising the roles of academic and entrepreneur within the university. Among the contributions of this thesis is the notion that treating the university without considering the reality of those who take on the role of academic entrepreneur tends not to fully capture the complexity of academic entrepreneurship, making the university-enterprise relationship less fruitful when expectations are manifested. Keywords: academic entrepreneurship; role conflict; university lecturers; federal university
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LAURIANO, Nayara Gonçalves. Os conflitos de papéis vivenciados por docentes universitários atuantes como empreendedores acadêmicos em universidades federais brasileiras. 2024. 254 f. Tese (Doutorado em Administração) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
