Desempenho e exigências nutricionais de bovinos alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes blends vitamínicos
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da suplementação com vitaminas A, D, e E, vitaminas do complexo B (B 1 , B 3 e B 7 ) ou sua combinação sobre o consumo, digestibilidade dos nutrientes, desempenho produtivo, eficiência microbiana e características de carcaça de machos Nelore não castrados superprecoces em terminação (Capítulo 1). Foram utilizados 45 machos Nelore não castrados, com peso inicial de 261 ± 27,3 kg e idade média de 8 ± 1 meses. Cinco animais foram abatidos ao início do experimento (grupo referência), para determinação do peso de corpo vazio (PCVZ) inicial dos animais que permaneceram no experimento. Os 40 animais restantes foram alimentados à vontade e distribuídos em quatro grupos de 10 animais cada, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, aos quais foram distribuídos os tratamentos experimentais: controle (CTRL) – sem suplementação de vitaminas; Vit B – suplementação de vitaminas do complexo B (B 1 , B 3 e B 7 ); Vit ADE – suplementação de vitaminas A,D e E; e Vit ADE + Vit B. As dietas foram isoprotéicas (120g/kg MS) e constituídas de silagem de milho (30%) e concentrado (70 %) com base na matéria seca (MS) total. O experimento teve duração total de 170 dias, sendo utilizados 30 dias de adaptação e 140 dias para coletas de dados. Para estimação da digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e eficiência microbiana, foram realizadas coletas spot de fezes e urina. Ao início e fim do período experimental, os animais foram pesados para determinação do ganho médio diário (GMD). O consumo e a digestibilidade da matéria seca e dos nutrientes, a eficiência microbiana, o balanço de nitrogênio, o desempenho produtivo e as características de carcaça não foram influenciados (P > 0,05) pela suplementação vitamínica. Conclui-se que a suplementação vitamínica (blend de vitaminas hidrossolúveis, lipossolúveis ou suas combinações) não influencia o desempenho produtivo e as características de carcaça de machos Nelore não castrados superprecoces. Além disso, objetivou-se também a estimativa das exigências de energia e proteína de machos Nelore não castrados superprecoces em terminação recebendo ou não suplementação vitamínica (Capítulo 2). Foram utilizados 50 machos Nelore não castrados, com peso corporal inicial de 258 ± 29,2 Kg e idade média de 8 ± 1 meses. Cinco animais foram abatidos no início do experimento para determinação do peso e composição do corpo vazio inicial dos animais que permaneceram no experimento. Cinco animais foram alimentados à nível de mantença (11,5 g/kg peso corporal). Os 40 animais restantes foram alimentados à vontade e distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em quatro grupos de 10 animais cada, aos quais foram distribuídos os tratamentos: CTRL – sem suplementação de vitaminas; Vit B– suplementação de vitaminas do complexo B (tiamina, niacina e biotina); Vit ADE – suplementação de vitaminas A, D e E; e Vit ADE + Vit B. As dietas foram isoprotéicas (120 g/kg matéria seca [MS]) e constituídas de silagem de milho (30%) e concentrado (70 %) com base na MS total da dieta. O experimento teve duração total de 170 dias, sendo 30 dias de adaptação e 140 dias para coletas de dados. Após os abates, foram obtidas duas amostras compostas para cada animal, denominadas carcaça e não carcaça, a partir das quais foi determinada a composição química do corpo vazio de cada animal. As exigências de energia líquida (ELm) e metabolizável (EMm) para mantença foram, respectivamente, de 76,6 e 117,2 kcal/PCVZ 0,75 /dia, as quais foram obtidas relacionando a produção de calor e o consumo de energia metabolizável. Assim, a eficiência de uso da energia metabolizável para mantença foi de 65,36%. As equações obtidas para estimação das exigências de energia (ELg) e proteína (PLg) líquidas para ganho foram: ELg (Mcal/dia) = 0,0546 × PCVZ 0,75 ×GPCVZ 0,8122 e PLg (g/dia) = 238,2 × GPCVZ – 18,5288 × ER. As eficiências de utilização da energia metabolizável para ganho e da proteína metabolizável para ganho foram, respectivamente, 33,82% e 36,12%. Conclui-se que as ELm e EMm de machos Nelore não castrados são de 76,6 e 117,2 kcal/PCVZ 0,75 /dia, respectivamente; e que as ELg e PLg podem ser obtidas pelas respectivas equações: ELg (Mcal/dia) = 0,0546 × PCVZ 0,75 ×GPCVZ 0,8122 e PLg (g/dia) = 238,2 × GPCVZ – 18,5288 × ER. Palavras-chave: Hidrossolúveis. Lipossolúveis. Nelore. Vitaminas. Zebuíno.
We aimed to assess the effects of supplementation with vitamins A, D, and E, vitamins of the B complex (B1, B3 and B7) or their combination on intake, nutrients digestibility, performance, microbial efficiency and carcass characteristics of precocious Nellore males finishing (Chapter 1). 45 non-castrated Nellore males were used, with initial body weight (BWi) of 261 ± 27.3 kg and mean age of 8 ± 1 months. Five animals were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment (reference group), to determine the initial empty body weight (EBW) of the animals that remained in the experiment. The remaining 40 animals were fed ad libitum and placed in four groups of 10 animals each, in a completely randomized design, to which the experimental treatments were distributed: control (CTRL) - without supplementation of vitamins; Vit B - supplementation of B vitamins (B1, B3 and B7); Vit ADE - supplementation of vitamins A, D and E; and Vit ADE + Vit B. Diets were isoproteic (120g / kg DM) and composed of corn silage (30%) and concentrate (70%) based on the dry matter (DM). The experiment lasted a total of 170 days, using 30 days of adaptation and 140 days for data collection. Estimating the apparent digestibility of nutrients and microbial efficiency, spot collections of feces and urine were performed. At the beginning and end of the experimental period, the animals were weighed to determine the average daily gain (GMD). Intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, microbial efficiency, nitrogen balance, performance and carcass characteristics were not influenced (P> 0.05) by vitamin supplementation. It was concluded that vitamin supplementation (blend of water-soluble, fat-soluble vitamins or their combinations) does not influence the performance and carcass characteristics of precocious Nellore males. In addition, the objective was also to estimate the energy and protein requirements of precocious Nellore males in finishing receiving or not vitamin supplementation (Chapter 2). Fifty non-castrated Nellore males were used, with a BWi of 258 ± 29.2 kg and an average age of 8 ± 1 months. Five animals were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment to determine the weight and composition of the initial empty body of the animals that remained in the experiment. Five animals were fed at maintenance level (11.5 g / kg body weight). The remaining 40 animals were fed ad libitum and placed in a completely randomized design, in four groups of 10 animals each, to which the treatments were distributed: CTRL - without supplementation of vitamins; Vit B - supplementation of B vitamins (thiamine, niacin and biotin); Vit ADE - supplementation of vitamins A, D and E; and Vit ADE + Vit B. Diets were isoproteic (120 g/kg of DM) and composed of corn silage (30%) and concentrate (70%) based on DM of the diet. The experiment lasted 170 days, with 30 days of adaptation and 140 days for data collection. After slaughter, two samples were obtained composed for each animal, called carcass and non-carcass, which the chemical composition of the empty body of each animal was determined. The requirements for net energy (NEm) and metabolizable (MEm) for maintenance were 76.6 and 117.2 kcal / EBW 0.75/day, respectively, which were obtained by relating heat production and metabolizable energy consumption. Thus, the efficiency of use of metabolizable energy for maintenance was 65.36%. The equations obtained for estimating the net energy (NEg) and protein (NPg) requirements for gain were: NEg (Mcal / day) = 0.0546 × EBW 0.75 × EBG 0.8122 and NPg (g / day) = 238, 2 × EBG - 18.5288 × RE. The efficiencies for using metabolizable energy for gain and metabolizable protein for gain were 33.82% and 36.12%, respectively. It is concluded that the NEm and MEm of non-castrated Nellore males are 76.6 and 117.2 kcal / EBW 0.75 / day, respectively; and that NEg and NPg can be obtained by the respective equations: NEg (Mcal / day) = 0.0546 × EBW 0.75 × EBG 0.8122 and NPg (g / day) = 238.2 × EBG - 18.5288 × RE. Keywords: Fat soluble. Nellore. Vitamins. Water-soluble. Zebu.
We aimed to assess the effects of supplementation with vitamins A, D, and E, vitamins of the B complex (B1, B3 and B7) or their combination on intake, nutrients digestibility, performance, microbial efficiency and carcass characteristics of precocious Nellore males finishing (Chapter 1). 45 non-castrated Nellore males were used, with initial body weight (BWi) of 261 ± 27.3 kg and mean age of 8 ± 1 months. Five animals were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment (reference group), to determine the initial empty body weight (EBW) of the animals that remained in the experiment. The remaining 40 animals were fed ad libitum and placed in four groups of 10 animals each, in a completely randomized design, to which the experimental treatments were distributed: control (CTRL) - without supplementation of vitamins; Vit B - supplementation of B vitamins (B1, B3 and B7); Vit ADE - supplementation of vitamins A, D and E; and Vit ADE + Vit B. Diets were isoproteic (120g / kg DM) and composed of corn silage (30%) and concentrate (70%) based on the dry matter (DM). The experiment lasted a total of 170 days, using 30 days of adaptation and 140 days for data collection. Estimating the apparent digestibility of nutrients and microbial efficiency, spot collections of feces and urine were performed. At the beginning and end of the experimental period, the animals were weighed to determine the average daily gain (GMD). Intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, microbial efficiency, nitrogen balance, performance and carcass characteristics were not influenced (P> 0.05) by vitamin supplementation. It was concluded that vitamin supplementation (blend of water-soluble, fat-soluble vitamins or their combinations) does not influence the performance and carcass characteristics of precocious Nellore males. In addition, the objective was also to estimate the energy and protein requirements of precocious Nellore males in finishing receiving or not vitamin supplementation (Chapter 2). Fifty non-castrated Nellore males were used, with a BWi of 258 ± 29.2 kg and an average age of 8 ± 1 months. Five animals were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment to determine the weight and composition of the initial empty body of the animals that remained in the experiment. Five animals were fed at maintenance level (11.5 g / kg body weight). The remaining 40 animals were fed ad libitum and placed in a completely randomized design, in four groups of 10 animals each, to which the treatments were distributed: CTRL - without supplementation of vitamins; Vit B - supplementation of B vitamins (thiamine, niacin and biotin); Vit ADE - supplementation of vitamins A, D and E; and Vit ADE + Vit B. Diets were isoproteic (120 g/kg of DM) and composed of corn silage (30%) and concentrate (70%) based on DM of the diet. The experiment lasted 170 days, with 30 days of adaptation and 140 days for data collection. After slaughter, two samples were obtained composed for each animal, called carcass and non-carcass, which the chemical composition of the empty body of each animal was determined. The requirements for net energy (NEm) and metabolizable (MEm) for maintenance were 76.6 and 117.2 kcal / EBW 0.75/day, respectively, which were obtained by relating heat production and metabolizable energy consumption. Thus, the efficiency of use of metabolizable energy for maintenance was 65.36%. The equations obtained for estimating the net energy (NEg) and protein (NPg) requirements for gain were: NEg (Mcal / day) = 0.0546 × EBW 0.75 × EBG 0.8122 and NPg (g / day) = 238, 2 × EBG - 18.5288 × RE. The efficiencies for using metabolizable energy for gain and metabolizable protein for gain were 33.82% and 36.12%, respectively. It is concluded that the NEm and MEm of non-castrated Nellore males are 76.6 and 117.2 kcal / EBW 0.75 / day, respectively; and that NEg and NPg can be obtained by the respective equations: NEg (Mcal / day) = 0.0546 × EBW 0.75 × EBG 0.8122 and NPg (g / day) = 238.2 × EBG - 18.5288 × RE. Keywords: Fat soluble. Nellore. Vitamins. Water-soluble. Zebu.
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ANDRADE, Dhones Rodrigues de. Desempenho e exigências nutricionais de bovinos alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes blends vitamínicos. 2021. 79 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2021.
