O trabalho docente no contexto do neoliberalismo: uma caracterização teórico-documental com recorte a partir de 2017 no Brasil
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Data
2021-09-29
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Esta pesquisa teve como propósito investigar as principais ações determinadas pelas forças neoliberais que influenciaram/influenciam na desvalorização profissional do professor da educação básica nos últimos anos no Brasil. É um estudo sobre o fenômeno neoliberal que, em prol do crescimento do capitalismo, tanto interfere no trabalho do professor. Buscou-se i) instigar nos trabalhadores docentes uma percepção ontológica sobre a categoria de trabalho, ii) investigar as ações neoliberais no campo da educação para o campo do trabalho docente e iii) instigar o retorno do debate ao pertencimento de classe a partir dos apontamentos da pesquisa. Este estudo se baseia na explanação acerca da teoria de valor de trabalho oriunda da Economia Política e reconfigurada por Marx, base teórica importante para o entendimento acerca do movimento entre o liberalismo, o neoliberalismo e a crítica colocada. A crítica que se apresenta neste estudo está fundamentada, principalmente, em Marx, Hunt, Lautzenheiser, Paulo Neto, Frigotto, Laval, Antunes, Saviani e outros autores histórico-críticos que possibilitam análises sobre os dados. Apoiou-se também em Zeichner, Pimenta e Tardif para contextualizar acerca da junção entre teoria e prática docente e a efetiva formação profissional. Teve-se como fonte de informações e de análise trabalhos acadêmicos, leis, notícias de jornais e revistas, dados e documentos publicados em sites oficiais, como o do MEC e o dos Organismos Internacionais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, para a qual se utilizou o método materialismo histórico-dialético, que, por meio da historicização e contextualização, dá o suporte para compreensão do corpus, que é referente à educação básica e, pela dinamicidade da pesquisa, engloba a educação profissional. A partir disso, teve-se um importante paralelo do que está prestes a acontecer com o trabalho dos professores da educação básica, diante do que já é real com os professores da educação profissional no Brasil. Um exemplo é a bolsa-formação trabalhador, que se resume a subcontratações de professores. Além disso, este estudo questiona a defesa do conceito de notório saber, que, baseado no sistema de produção toyotista, na prática, se desdobra em formação técnica aligeirada para um desempenho profissional docente insuficiente de fundamentos teóricos cujas importâncias são indispensáveis no esclarecimento dos fatos. Palavras-chave: Neoliberalismo. Trabalho docente. Relação capital/trabalho. Precarização do trabalho.
The purpose of this research was to investigate the main actions determined by the neoliberal forces that influence/influenced the professional devaluation of the basic education teacher in recent years in Brazil. It is a study about the neoliberal phenomenon that in favor of the growth of capitalism interferes so much in the teacher's work. It sought to instigate in the teaching workers an ontological perception about the category of work, investigate the neoliberal actions in the field of education for the teaching work area, and instigate the return of the debate about class belonging from the research notes. This study is based on the explanation of the theory of labor value originating from Political Economy and reconfigured by Marx, an important theoretical basis for understanding the movement between liberalism, neoliberalism, and the critique raised. The critique presented in this study is based mainly on Marx, Hunt, Lautzenheiser, Paulo Neto, Frigotto, Laval, Antunes, Saviani, and other historical-critical authors who enable us to analyze the data. Zeichner, Pimenta, and Tardif were also used to contextualize the junction between theory and teaching practice and effective professional training. The sources of information and analysis were academic works, laws, news from newspapers and magazines, data and documents published in official sites, such as the MEC and International Organizations. It is documental research, for which the historical-dialectical materialism method was used and, through historicization and contextualization, gives the support for understanding the corpus, which refers to basic education and, due to the dynamics of the research, includes professional education. From it, there was an important parallel of what is about to happen to the work of teachers of basic education, in face of what is already real with the teachers of professional education in Brazil. One example is the scholarship-training worker, which boils down to subcontracting teachers. Moreover, this study questions the defense of the concept of notorious knowledge, which, based on the lean manufacturing production system, in practice unfolds in light technical training for a teaching professional performance insufficient of theoretical foundations whose importance is indispensable in the clarification of the facts. Keywords: Neoliberalism. Teaching work. Capital/labor relationship. The work precariousness.
The purpose of this research was to investigate the main actions determined by the neoliberal forces that influence/influenced the professional devaluation of the basic education teacher in recent years in Brazil. It is a study about the neoliberal phenomenon that in favor of the growth of capitalism interferes so much in the teacher's work. It sought to instigate in the teaching workers an ontological perception about the category of work, investigate the neoliberal actions in the field of education for the teaching work area, and instigate the return of the debate about class belonging from the research notes. This study is based on the explanation of the theory of labor value originating from Political Economy and reconfigured by Marx, an important theoretical basis for understanding the movement between liberalism, neoliberalism, and the critique raised. The critique presented in this study is based mainly on Marx, Hunt, Lautzenheiser, Paulo Neto, Frigotto, Laval, Antunes, Saviani, and other historical-critical authors who enable us to analyze the data. Zeichner, Pimenta, and Tardif were also used to contextualize the junction between theory and teaching practice and effective professional training. The sources of information and analysis were academic works, laws, news from newspapers and magazines, data and documents published in official sites, such as the MEC and International Organizations. It is documental research, for which the historical-dialectical materialism method was used and, through historicization and contextualization, gives the support for understanding the corpus, which refers to basic education and, due to the dynamics of the research, includes professional education. From it, there was an important parallel of what is about to happen to the work of teachers of basic education, in face of what is already real with the teachers of professional education in Brazil. One example is the scholarship-training worker, which boils down to subcontracting teachers. Moreover, this study questions the defense of the concept of notorious knowledge, which, based on the lean manufacturing production system, in practice unfolds in light technical training for a teaching professional performance insufficient of theoretical foundations whose importance is indispensable in the clarification of the facts. Keywords: Neoliberalism. Teaching work. Capital/labor relationship. The work precariousness.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Professores de ensino fundamental - Condições econômicas, Neoliberalismo, Capitalismo e educação, Emprego precário
Citação
ALEIXO, Alexsandra Saboia Duarte Arruda. O trabalho docente no contexto do neoliberalismo: uma caracterização teórico-documental com recorte a partir de 2017 no Brasil. 2021. 134 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2021.