Eficiência na produção de frutos e alocação relativa de nutrientes em cultivares de cafeeiro
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Data
2010-02
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Revista Ceres
Resumo
Considerando a baixa produtividade das plantas em solos de menor fertilidade natural e o alto custo dos insumos agrícolas, torna-se necessária a seleção de cultivares mais eficientes na absorção e utilização dos nutrientes minerais. Foram avaliados quatro cultivares de cafeeiro arábica (Acaiá IAC 474 19, Icatu Amarelo IAC 3282, Rubi MG 1192 e Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99) quanto à eficiência na produção de frutos e alocação relativa de nutrientes. O experimento foi conduzido em Viçosa MG, em condições de campo, no delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, envolvendo quatro cultivares, quatro repetições e três níveis de adubação (baixo, normal e alto). As parcelas úteis constituíram-se de nove plantas espaçadas de 2 x 1 m. O cultivar Icatu Amarelo IAC 3282 foi o mais produtivo no ambiente com restrição de nutrientes, enquanto Rubi MG 1192 e Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 mostraram-se mais produtivos em ambientes com alto suprimento de nutrientes. A eficiência de produção de café em coco por unidade de P, Ca, Mg e B acumulados na planta foi maior no nível alto de adubação. Os cultivares Rubi MG-1192 e Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 apresentaram maior eficiência de utilização de nutrientes para produção de frutos no nível alto de adubação. Considerando a média de alocação relativa de nutrientes nos frutos para os quatro cultivares, no nível normal de adubação, verificou-se que eles possuem 38,1% do N, 46,34% do P, 40,19% do S, 42,68% do K, 13,19% do Ca, 25,04% do Mg, 40,63% do Cu, 19,49% do Zn e 17,73% do B.
Considering the low productivity of plants in soil of lower natural fertility and the high cost of fertilizers, the selection of cultivars more efficient in the absorption and use of mineral nutrients is a necessity. Four coffee varieties were evaluated for mineral nutrient use efficiency in the production of beans, as well as the relative allocation of these nutrients in reproductive organs. The experiment was carried-out in field conditions in an experimental area of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks design, in a factorial arrangement (4 x 3) x 4, consisting of four coffee varieties (Acaiá IAC-474-19, Icatu Amarelo IAC-3282, Rubi MG-1192 and Catuaí Vermelho IAC-99), three fertilization levels (lower, adequate and high), with four replications. The plot useful area consisted of nine plants with spacing of 2 x 1 m. The variety Icatu Amarelo IAC-3282 was the most productive in the condition of low nutrient input, while Rubi MG-1192 and Catuaí Vermelho IAC-99 were more productive with high nutrient input. The production of dry coffee per unit of P, Ca, Mg and B accumulated in the plant was larger at the high fertilization level. The varieties Rubi MG-1192 and Catuaí Vermelho IAC-99 showed greater efficiency of nutrient use for production of beans at the high level of fertilization. Considering the mean of relative allocation of nutrients in the beans, of the four varieties, at the usual level of fertilization, it was found that they have 3 8.1 % of N, 46.3% of P, 40.2% of S, 42.7% of K, 13.2% of the Ca, 25.0% of Mg, 40.6% of the Cu, 19.5% of Zn and 17.7% of B.
Considering the low productivity of plants in soil of lower natural fertility and the high cost of fertilizers, the selection of cultivars more efficient in the absorption and use of mineral nutrients is a necessity. Four coffee varieties were evaluated for mineral nutrient use efficiency in the production of beans, as well as the relative allocation of these nutrients in reproductive organs. The experiment was carried-out in field conditions in an experimental area of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks design, in a factorial arrangement (4 x 3) x 4, consisting of four coffee varieties (Acaiá IAC-474-19, Icatu Amarelo IAC-3282, Rubi MG-1192 and Catuaí Vermelho IAC-99), three fertilization levels (lower, adequate and high), with four replications. The plot useful area consisted of nine plants with spacing of 2 x 1 m. The variety Icatu Amarelo IAC-3282 was the most productive in the condition of low nutrient input, while Rubi MG-1192 and Catuaí Vermelho IAC-99 were more productive with high nutrient input. The production of dry coffee per unit of P, Ca, Mg and B accumulated in the plant was larger at the high fertilization level. The varieties Rubi MG-1192 and Catuaí Vermelho IAC-99 showed greater efficiency of nutrient use for production of beans at the high level of fertilization. Considering the mean of relative allocation of nutrients in the beans, of the four varieties, at the usual level of fertilization, it was found that they have 3 8.1 % of N, 46.3% of P, 40.2% of S, 42.7% of K, 13.2% of the Ca, 25.0% of Mg, 40.6% of the Cu, 19.5% of Zn and 17.7% of B.
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Palavras-chave
Coffea arabica L., Nutrição mineral, Eficiência nutricional