Carfentrazone-ethyl, isolado e associado a duas formulações de glyphosate no controle de duas espécies de trapoeraba
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Planta Daninha
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Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia do herbicida carfentrazone-ethyl, isolado ou associado ao glyphosate e ao glyphosate potássico, no controle de duas espécies de plantas daninhas conhecidas como trapoeraba: Commelina diffusa e Commelina benghalensis. Para isso, segmentos de caule dessas plantas foram transplantados e submetidos a crescimento em vasos que continham 12 L de substrato, durante 120 dias. Os experimentos (um por espécie de trapoeraba) foram conduzidos no delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, sendo constituídos de carfentrazone-ethyl nas doses de 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 g ha1, isoladas ou aplicadas em mistura com o glyphosate e o glyphosate potássico, ambos na dose de 720 g ha-1. Foram feitas avaliações de controle e da biomassa fresca da parte aérea (BFPA). C. diffusa foi mais tolerante ao carfentrazone-ethyl e à sua mistura ao glyphosate e ao glyphosate potássico do que C. benghalensis. Tanto o glyphosate quanto o glyphosate potássico, isolados, promoveram controle considerado ruim (inferior a 30%) de ambas as espécies de trapoeraba, na dose de 720 g ha-1. A eficiência de controle pelas misturas de herbicidas foi superior à das suas aplicações isoladas, com exceção do carfentrazone-ethyl em doses acima de 30 g ha-1, as quais proporcionaram controles de C. benghalensis semelhantes às misturas. Apesar do razoável controle (de 71 a 80%) para C. diffusa e do bom a excelente controle (acima de 81%) para C. benghalensis, proporcionados pelas misturas de carfentrazone-ethyl com glyphosate e/ou glyphosate potássico, apenas uma aplicação não foi suficiente para o controle definitivo da Commelina spp., pois verificou-se para ambas as espécies, por meio da avaliação da BFPA, a reinfestação da área devido à recuperação das plantas, ou mesmo, no caso de C. benghalensis, a reinfestação a partir de sementes subterrâneas, que se tornaram viáveis após a morte da parte aérea provocada pelos herbicidas.
This research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of carfentrazone-ethyl, isolated and in mixture with to glyphosate or glyphosate-potassium salt, on controlling two dayflower species, Commelina diffusa and C. benghalensis. These species were grown from stem segments in 12 L pots filled with soil, during 120 days. A complete randomized block design with four replicates was performed for each species. The treatments were carfentrazone-ethyl (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 g ha-1), isolated and in mixture with glyphosate or glyphosate-potassium salt, these being applied at doses of 720 g ha-1. The percentages of weed control and shoot fresh weight (SFW) were evaluated. C. diffusa was more tolerant to carfentrazone-ethyl alone or combined with both glyphosate and glyphosate-potassium salt than C. benghalensis. Both glyphosate and glyphosate-potassium salt were inefficient (control below 30%) when applied isolated, regardless of the species. The efficiency of controlling herbicide mixtures was greater than their single applications, except for the carfentrazone-ethyl in doses above 30 g ha-1, with C. benghalensis, in which control was similar to the employed mixtures. Despite the reasonable control (from 71 to 80%) for C. diffusa and the very good control (above 81%) for C. benghalensis, obtained with carfentrazone-ethyl + glyphosate or carfentrazone-ethyl + glyphosate-potassium salt mixtures, a sole application did not decisively control Commelina spp. In effect, recovery of plants as seen through SFW evaluation took place irrespective of the species; moreover, for C. benghalensis, reinfestation from underground seeds that became viable after the shoot's death, due to herbicide application, was also found.
This research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of carfentrazone-ethyl, isolated and in mixture with to glyphosate or glyphosate-potassium salt, on controlling two dayflower species, Commelina diffusa and C. benghalensis. These species were grown from stem segments in 12 L pots filled with soil, during 120 days. A complete randomized block design with four replicates was performed for each species. The treatments were carfentrazone-ethyl (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 g ha-1), isolated and in mixture with glyphosate or glyphosate-potassium salt, these being applied at doses of 720 g ha-1. The percentages of weed control and shoot fresh weight (SFW) were evaluated. C. diffusa was more tolerant to carfentrazone-ethyl alone or combined with both glyphosate and glyphosate-potassium salt than C. benghalensis. Both glyphosate and glyphosate-potassium salt were inefficient (control below 30%) when applied isolated, regardless of the species. The efficiency of controlling herbicide mixtures was greater than their single applications, except for the carfentrazone-ethyl in doses above 30 g ha-1, with C. benghalensis, in which control was similar to the employed mixtures. Despite the reasonable control (from 71 to 80%) for C. diffusa and the very good control (above 81%) for C. benghalensis, obtained with carfentrazone-ethyl + glyphosate or carfentrazone-ethyl + glyphosate-potassium salt mixtures, a sole application did not decisively control Commelina spp. In effect, recovery of plants as seen through SFW evaluation took place irrespective of the species; moreover, for C. benghalensis, reinfestation from underground seeds that became viable after the shoot's death, due to herbicide application, was also found.
