O ingresso na carreira docente por meio das designações no estado de Minas Gerais e sua influência na formação da identidade docente
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O início de carreira nem sempre é tranquilo, seja por razões pertinentes à formação ineficaz ou pela falta de suporte para lidar com as inúmeras dificuldades. O público alvo deste trabalho são os professores iniciantes ou principiantes, estes se encontram no auge da fase do aprender a ensinar, estão construindo a sua identidade docente. No Estado de Minas Gerais a principal forma de acesso para o professorado atuar nas escolas públicas ocorre, atualmente, através das designações (Art. 10 da Lei Nº 10.254/90) que consiste na contratação temporária para cargos vagos e de substituição, quando não há pessoal efetivo para assumir, tal forma de contratação tem sido fortemente criticada devido às suas fragilidades legislativas. Dado o exposto, questiona-se de que forma o ingresso na carreira docente influencia na formação da identidade profissional de professores designados no Estado de Minas Gerais? Para responder tal questão, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter descritivo. Para a coleta de dados, foi aplicado um questionário prévio a fim de conhecer os participantes e selecionar os que possuíam o perfil de interesse para a pesquisa, o perfil inclui que todos tivessem experiência como professor designado do estado de Minas Gerais e no máximo 3 anos de formados. Dessa forma, foram escolhidos para compor o corpus deste trabalho, 1 professor que atuava no estado como designado, 1 que desistiu de atuar como professor estatutário e 1 que desistiu da docência por prazo indeterminado após tentar trabalhar neste regime. Os professores participantes passaram por uma entrevista semi-estruturada na qual relataram do momento em que decidiram participar de uma designação na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte até o momento atual da entrevista, as questões levantadas incluíram, como foram os primeiros dias na escola, qual suporte tiveram e se houve mentoria por algum outro professor. Os resultados revelam um cenário preocupante no qual há falta de suporte ao professorado da formação inicial até o dia a dia dentro da escola. A ausência de uma formação inicial que forneça as informações necessárias à inserção profissional, a mentoria e políticas públicas para receber os novos profissionais, acabam afastando- os da profissão e desmotivando os que conseguem permanecer. Tudo isso, por sua vez, enfraquece a construção de uma identidade docente sólida que garanta condições de permanência na profissão. Diante do exposto, compreende-se a necessidade de estudos que relacionem a formação da identidade docente com as designações e que investiguem, ainda, se ou como a indução docente tem acontecido com os professores iniciantes da rede estadual de ensino. Palavras-chave: identidade docente; designações; indução docente.
The beginning of a teaching career is not always smooth, whether due to ineffective training or the lack of support to deal with numerous difficulties. The target audience of this work are novice or beginner teachers, who are at the height of the phase of learning to teach and are building their teaching identity. In the State of Minas Gerais, the main way for teachers to work in public schools currently occurs through designações (Article 10 of Law No. 10.254/90), which consists of temporary hiring for vacant and substitute positions when there are no tenured staff available to take over. This form of hiring has been heavily criticized due to its legislative weaknesses. Given the above, the question arises: how does entry into the teaching career influence the formation of the professional identity of designated teachers in the State of Minas Gerais? To answer this question, a qualitative, descriptive research was carried out. For data collection, a preliminary questionnaire was applied in order to get to know the participants and select those who had the desired profile for the research — the profile required that all had experience as designated teachers in the state of Minas Gerais and had graduated at most three years prior. Thus, selected to compose the corpus of this study were one teacher who was working as a designated teacher in the state, one who gave up pursuing a tenured teaching position, and one who left the profession for an indefinite period after trying to work under this regime. The participating teachers underwent a semi-structured interview in which they reported their experiences from the moment they decided to participate in a designation process in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte to the present moment of the interview. The questions raised included how their first days at school were, what kind of support they had, and whether there was mentoring from another teacher. The results reveal a concerning scenario in which there is a lack of support for teachers from initial training to everyday school life. The absence of initial training that provides the necessary information for professional insertion, the lack of mentoring, and public policies to welcome new professionals end up driving them away from the profession and demotivating those who manage to stay. All of this, in turn, weakens the construction of a solid teaching identity that ensures conditions for remaining in the profession. In view of the above, it is understood that there is a need for studies that relate the formation of teaching identity with designações and that also investigate whether or how teacher induction has been taking place with beginning teachers in the state school system. Keywords: teaching identity; designations; narratives ; teacher induction.
The beginning of a teaching career is not always smooth, whether due to ineffective training or the lack of support to deal with numerous difficulties. The target audience of this work are novice or beginner teachers, who are at the height of the phase of learning to teach and are building their teaching identity. In the State of Minas Gerais, the main way for teachers to work in public schools currently occurs through designações (Article 10 of Law No. 10.254/90), which consists of temporary hiring for vacant and substitute positions when there are no tenured staff available to take over. This form of hiring has been heavily criticized due to its legislative weaknesses. Given the above, the question arises: how does entry into the teaching career influence the formation of the professional identity of designated teachers in the State of Minas Gerais? To answer this question, a qualitative, descriptive research was carried out. For data collection, a preliminary questionnaire was applied in order to get to know the participants and select those who had the desired profile for the research — the profile required that all had experience as designated teachers in the state of Minas Gerais and had graduated at most three years prior. Thus, selected to compose the corpus of this study were one teacher who was working as a designated teacher in the state, one who gave up pursuing a tenured teaching position, and one who left the profession for an indefinite period after trying to work under this regime. The participating teachers underwent a semi-structured interview in which they reported their experiences from the moment they decided to participate in a designation process in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte to the present moment of the interview. The questions raised included how their first days at school were, what kind of support they had, and whether there was mentoring from another teacher. The results reveal a concerning scenario in which there is a lack of support for teachers from initial training to everyday school life. The absence of initial training that provides the necessary information for professional insertion, the lack of mentoring, and public policies to welcome new professionals end up driving them away from the profession and demotivating those who manage to stay. All of this, in turn, weakens the construction of a solid teaching identity that ensures conditions for remaining in the profession. In view of the above, it is understood that there is a need for studies that relate the formation of teaching identity with designações and that also investigate whether or how teacher induction has been taking place with beginning teachers in the state school system. Keywords: teaching identity; designations; narratives ; teacher induction.
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TEIXEIRA, Maria Lara Brum. O ingresso na carreira docente por meio das designações no estado de Minas Gerais e sua influência na formação da identidade docente. 2025. 58 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Educação em Ciências e Matemática) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Florestal. 2025.
