Liberalismo e comparatismo na crítica acadêmica paulista do século XIX
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Jangada
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A Faculdade de Direito de São Paulo está imbuída do espírito liberal, desde seus primórdios. A ideia de sua criação perpassa o desejo dos políticos do Sul do Império de construírem uma “república de sábios”, no dizer de José Bonifácio, contrapondo-se ao que reputavam como sendo o velho Norte agroexportador. Essa ideia circulou desde a participação dos deputados paulistas nas Cortes de Lisboa, mas só veio a se consolidar após a Assembleia Constituinte brasileira, no pós-independência. Tendo em vista essa tradição liberal que permeia a ideologia bacharelesca oitocentista, a proposta deste artigo é discutir a recepção acadêmica aos primeiros estudos comparatistas que começaram a circular na Faculdade, via imprensa e traduções, em meados do século XIX. Provenientes sobretudo da França e desenvolvidos no seio das cátedras de literaturas estrangeiras, criadas em Paris, em 1830, esses estudos têm como pano de fundo tendências liberais, uma vez que se baseiam no cosmopolitismo, nas interações sem fronteiras, na impossibilidade do isolamento e da pureza de uma dada literatura. Ao mesclar comparatismo e liberalismo e valendo-se da margem de liberdade propiciada pela condição estudantil e mesmo, geográfica, os críticos-estudantes procuraram pluralizar o debate em torno da constituição da literatura brasileira.
The liberal spirit has existed in São Paulo Law College since its beginning. The ideal of its creation sought to show a new image to the Brazilian empire, built by the Southern politicians: a “scholar’ republic”, according to José Bonifácio, instead of the old image of the North, exporter of agriculture products. That project circulated since the participation of the delegates from São Paulo in the Cortes of Lisbon, but it consolidated only after a Brazilian constituent Assembly, in the post-independence period. Considering that liberal tradition at Law College in the 19th century, this paper discusses the academic reception to the earliest comparative studies that appeared there through European periodicals and translations in the mid 19th century. That kind of study came mostly from France and it was developed by the chair of foreign literatures, created in Paris, in 1830. It’s important to highlight the fact that foreign literature studies were based, in general, on liberal ideologies, since they were guided by cosmopolitanism, by a desire of free interactions and by the belief of impossibility of cultural isolation and of maintenance of the essencesof each literature. The scholars-critics sought diversifying the debate around the constitution of Brazilian literature, mixing comparativism and liberalism. Besides that, they also used the freedom of being students and being far from the Empire political center.
The liberal spirit has existed in São Paulo Law College since its beginning. The ideal of its creation sought to show a new image to the Brazilian empire, built by the Southern politicians: a “scholar’ republic”, according to José Bonifácio, instead of the old image of the North, exporter of agriculture products. That project circulated since the participation of the delegates from São Paulo in the Cortes of Lisbon, but it consolidated only after a Brazilian constituent Assembly, in the post-independence period. Considering that liberal tradition at Law College in the 19th century, this paper discusses the academic reception to the earliest comparative studies that appeared there through European periodicals and translations in the mid 19th century. That kind of study came mostly from France and it was developed by the chair of foreign literatures, created in Paris, in 1830. It’s important to highlight the fact that foreign literature studies were based, in general, on liberal ideologies, since they were guided by cosmopolitanism, by a desire of free interactions and by the belief of impossibility of cultural isolation and of maintenance of the essencesof each literature. The scholars-critics sought diversifying the debate around the constitution of Brazilian literature, mixing comparativism and liberalism. Besides that, they also used the freedom of being students and being far from the Empire political center.
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SANTOS, Natália Gonçalves de Souza. Liberalismo e comparatismo na crítica acadêmica paulista do século XIX. Revista Jangada, Viçosa, v. 12, n.2, p. 01-18, nov./abr. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35921/jangada.v12i2.615.
