Permanência e evasão de estudantes com deficiência no ensino superior: implicações nas esferas pessoal, institucional e familiar
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
As pessoas com deficiência, historicamente marginalizadas pelos padrões de normalidade impostos socialmente, enfrentam inúmeras barreiras para acessarem e permanecerem nos espaços de educação formal, especialmente no Ensino Superior. Com a criação de políticas de cotas, como a Lei 13.409/2016, ampliou-se o acesso desse público às universidades, mas os desafios relacionados à permanência ainda persistem. Esta tese teve como objetivo central analisar a permanência e a evasão de estudantes com deficiência na Universidade Federal de Viçosa, considerando as implicações nas esferas pessoal, institucional e familiar, bem como verificar as principais causas, a capacidade de resiliência e as estratégias de enfrentamento das adversidades. A pesquisa, de natureza quali-quantitativa, utilizou como base teórica os referenciais dos Direitos Humanos, do Modelo Social da Deficiência e da Resiliência, envolvendo análise documental, estatística descritiva, análise de discurso e entrevistas com estudantes, familiares e gestores. Os dados indicam que a evasão está relacionada a fatores estruturais, pedagógicos, sociais e emocionais, ao passo que a permanência está associada à resiliência, ao suporte familiar e ao acolhimento institucional. Conclui-se que a permanência de estudantes com deficiência é resultado de um conjunto de fatores interligados, e que a evasão, além de representar uma perda individual, impacta negativamente o ambiente acadêmico e o núcleo familiar. Faz-se necessário, portanto, o fortalecimento das políticas inclusivas e das práticas institucionais de apoio. Palavras-chave: deficiência; ensino superior; estratégia de enfrentamento; evasão; permanência; família; resiliência
People with disabilities, historically marginalized by socially imposed standards of normality, face numerous barriers to accessing and remaining in formal education, especially in higher education. With the creation of quota policies, such as Law 13.409/2016, access to universities for this population has expanded, but retention challenges persist. This dissertation's central objective was to analyze the retention and dropout rates of students with disabilities at the Federal University of Viçosa, considering the implications for the personal, institutional, and family spheres, as well as to identify the main causes, resilience, and coping strategies. The qualitative and quantitative research used theoretical frameworks such as Human Rights, the Social Model of Disability, and Resilience, and involved document analysis, descriptive statistics, discourse analysis, and interviews with students, family members, and administrators. The data indicate that dropout rates are related to structural, pedagogical, social, and emotional factors, while retention rates are associated with resilience, family support, and institutional support. The conclusion is that the retention of students with disabilities is the result of a set of interconnected factors, and that dropout rates, in addition to representing an individual loss, negatively impact the academic environment and the family unit. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen inclusive policies and supportive institutional practices. Keywords: disability; higher education; coping strategy; dropout; retention; family; resilience
People with disabilities, historically marginalized by socially imposed standards of normality, face numerous barriers to accessing and remaining in formal education, especially in higher education. With the creation of quota policies, such as Law 13.409/2016, access to universities for this population has expanded, but retention challenges persist. This dissertation's central objective was to analyze the retention and dropout rates of students with disabilities at the Federal University of Viçosa, considering the implications for the personal, institutional, and family spheres, as well as to identify the main causes, resilience, and coping strategies. The qualitative and quantitative research used theoretical frameworks such as Human Rights, the Social Model of Disability, and Resilience, and involved document analysis, descriptive statistics, discourse analysis, and interviews with students, family members, and administrators. The data indicate that dropout rates are related to structural, pedagogical, social, and emotional factors, while retention rates are associated with resilience, family support, and institutional support. The conclusion is that the retention of students with disabilities is the result of a set of interconnected factors, and that dropout rates, in addition to representing an individual loss, negatively impact the academic environment and the family unit. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen inclusive policies and supportive institutional practices. Keywords: disability; higher education; coping strategy; dropout; retention; family; resilience
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OLIVEIRA, Nathália Dias Pereira Alves. Permanência e evasão de estudantes com deficiência no ensino superior: implicações nas esferas pessoal, institucional e familiar. 2025. 240 f. Tese (Doutorado em Política Social) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
