O Estado na revisão do Código Florestal brasileiro: democracia, articulação discursiva e hegemonia
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Data
2015-06-19
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O presente trabalho busca, de modo mais amplo, compreender a complexa relação entre o processo legislativo, as relações de poder, o Estado e a democracia deliberativa, tendo como base o processo de revisão do Código Florestal. Por meio da metodologia consubstanciada na análise documental (BARDIN, 2009), foram examinadas as notas taquigráficas das audiências públicas realizadas pela Câmara dos Deputados, o relatório final produzido na Comissão destinada a relatar o Projeto de Lei, bem como os vetos presidenciais e o próprio resultado legislativo promulgado. Os dados evidenciaram, em primeiro lugar, o papel relevante do Estado durante o processo de revisão normativa, visto seu interesse na manutenção da ideologia dominante. Nos moldes althusserianos, o Estado, por meio de seus Aparelhos Ideológicos, movimentou-se para alterar a legislação sob o pretexto de estar cumprindo seu papel de, democraticamente, atualizar as leis na busca do bem comum. Contudo, nos moldes gramscinianos, esse movimento não passou despercebido, abrindo espaço para contra hegemonia e iniciando a disputa. No segundo capítulo, após complementar a fundamentação teórica com a utilização da Teoria do Discurso, de Laclau e Mouffe, foi possível perceber o encaixe perfeito desse aparato teórico com o processo de revisão do Código Florestal, que se deu por meio da construção de pontos nodais a gerar significantes vazios, dentre os quais se destacam os ―ambientalistas‖, os ―ruralistas‖ e a própria ―democracia‖. Ao final, apontou-se a possibilidade da posição contra hegemônica exercer efetiva influência em um ambiente deliberativo comandado por um Estado parcial. Conclui-se que, mesmo tendo capacidade reduzida, a contra hegemonia foi importante para frear o impulso hegemônico e obter concessões sem que, contudo, atingisse a essência hegemônica.
This work seeks, more broadly, to understand the complex relationship between the legislative process, the power relations, the State and deliberative democracy, based on the review process of the brazilian Forest Code. Through the document analysis methodology (Bardin, 2009) we analyzed the shorthand notes of the public hearings held by the House of Representatives, the final report produced at the Committee, as well as presidential vetoes and the promulgated law. The data showed, first, the State ́s role in the legislative process, as interested in maintaining the dominant ideology. In Althusser molds, the State, through its Ideological Apparatuses, moved to change the law under the pretext of fulfilling its role as democratically update laws in pursuit of the common good. However, in Gramsci molds, this movement did not go unnoticed, it shows itself and makes room for the appearance of the non-hegemonic position, initiating the dispute. In the second chapter, after the additional theoretical foundation with the Discourse Theory, by Laclau and Mouffe, it was revealed the perfect fit of this theoretical apparatus with the review process of the Forest Code. It was built of nodal points to generate meaningless significant, as "environmentalists", the "large farmers" and "democracy" itself. Finally, it was pointed out the possibility of the non-hegemonic position exercises effective influence in a deliberative environment controlled by a partial State. The conclusion is that even with reduced capacity, the non-hegemonic ideals was important to curb the hegemonic impulse and obtain concessions without, however, reach the hegemonic essence.
This work seeks, more broadly, to understand the complex relationship between the legislative process, the power relations, the State and deliberative democracy, based on the review process of the brazilian Forest Code. Through the document analysis methodology (Bardin, 2009) we analyzed the shorthand notes of the public hearings held by the House of Representatives, the final report produced at the Committee, as well as presidential vetoes and the promulgated law. The data showed, first, the State ́s role in the legislative process, as interested in maintaining the dominant ideology. In Althusser molds, the State, through its Ideological Apparatuses, moved to change the law under the pretext of fulfilling its role as democratically update laws in pursuit of the common good. However, in Gramsci molds, this movement did not go unnoticed, it shows itself and makes room for the appearance of the non-hegemonic position, initiating the dispute. In the second chapter, after the additional theoretical foundation with the Discourse Theory, by Laclau and Mouffe, it was revealed the perfect fit of this theoretical apparatus with the review process of the Forest Code. It was built of nodal points to generate meaningless significant, as "environmentalists", the "large farmers" and "democracy" itself. Finally, it was pointed out the possibility of the non-hegemonic position exercises effective influence in a deliberative environment controlled by a partial State. The conclusion is that even with reduced capacity, the non-hegemonic ideals was important to curb the hegemonic impulse and obtain concessions without, however, reach the hegemonic essence.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Florestas - Legislação, Estado, Democracia
Citação
CARVALHO, Lucas Azevedo de. O Estado na revisão do Código Florestal brasileiro: democracia, articulação discursiva e hegemonia. 2015. 132f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Extensão Rural) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2015.