Diversificação da vegetação como estratégia de manejo de cafeeiros nas Matas de Minas
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A simplificação da paisagem em sistemas cafeeiros conduzidos em monocultura reduz a diversidade biológica característica dos ecossistemas naturais, alterando as interações entre herbívoros, seus inimigos naturais e patógenos, o que pode favorecer o estabelecimento de insetos-praga e doenças, comprometendo a produção, a produtividade e a qualidade do café. Nesse contexto, a diversificação da vegetação destaca-se como estratégia capaz de promover a restauração do agroecossistema por meio do incremento da biodiversidade, da melhoria da qualidade do solo e do fortalecimento da sustentabilidade e da resiliência dos sistemas de produção. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da diversificação da vegetação sobre a incidência de pragas e doenças, o crescimento, a produtividade e a qualidade do cafeeiro em lavouras comerciais de Coffea arabica localizadas nos municípios de Araponga e Paula Cândido, na região das Matas de Minas. Os experimentos foram conduzidos comparando sistemas de café diversificado, compostos por diferentes combinações de erva-baleeira, fedegoso, ingá, erythrina e mix de plantas de cobertura com sistemas de café em monocultura quanto à infestação por bicho-mineiro, a incidência de ferrugem, cercosporiose e phoma. Diferentes sistemas de café diversificado foram avaliados quanto ao crescimento vegetativo, o estado nutricional, a produção, a densidade e a qualidade física e sensorial dos grãos. A infestação de bicho-mineiro, bem como a incidência de ferrugem e cercosporiose não apresentaram diferenças entre os sistemas de cultivo avaliados, indicando que a diversificação da vegetação apresentou resultado similar ao cultivo convencional quanto a ocorrência dessas pragas e doenças. A incidência de phoma apresentou comportamento distinto entre as áreas experimentais, sendo reduzida no sistema diversificado na maior parte das avaliações realizadas em Araponga e semelhante entre os sistemas cafeeiros em Paula Cândido. Em relação ao crescimento das plantas, foram observadas diferenças significativas para altura e diâmetro do caule sendo maiores no tratamento com mix de plantas de cobertura somente, enquanto o comprimento dos ramos plagiotrópicos não foi influenciado pelos tratamentos. O sistema composto exclusivamente pelo mix de plantas apresentou maior produtividade, aproximadamente o dobro da obtida nos sistemas que incluíram arbustos nas linhas de café, evidenciando que a ausência de manejo adequado de poda nesses arbustos promove competição e sombreamento, retardando a maturação e reduzindo a produção. O tamanho e a densidade dos grãos, bem como o estado nutricional das plantas, foram pouco influenciados pelos tratamentos. A qualidade física dos grãos apresentou diferenças parciais, com menor ocorrência de defeitos no sistema com erva-baleeira. A qualidade sensorial foi favorecida pelos sistemas diversificados com arbustos, destacando-se o tratamento com erva-baleeira, que apresentou a maior pontuação entre os cafés avaliados. Os resultados demonstram que a diversificação da vegetação nas lavouras cafeeiras constitui uma estratégia promissora para o cafeeiro, contribuindo para a manutenção do equilíbrio fitossanitário, o incremento da qualidade da bebida e a sustentabilidade da produção. Palavras-chave: Coffea arabica L.; cafeicultura; erva-baleeira; mix de plantas; qualidade da bebida.
Landscape simplification in coffee monocultures reduces the biological diversity characteristic of natural ecosystems, altering interactions among herbivores, their natural enemies, and pathogens; this can favor the establishment of insect pests and diseases, thereby compromising coffee production, productivity, and quality. In this context, vegetation diversification stands out as a strategy capable of restoring the agroecosystem by increasing biodiversity, improving soil quality, and strengthening the sustainability and resilience of production systems. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of vegetation diversification on pest and disease incidence, as well as on coffee plant growth, productivity, and quality, in commercial Coffea arabica plantations located in the municipalities of Araponga and Paula Cândido, in the Matas de Minas region. The experiments compared diversified coffee systems comprising various combinations of Varronia curassavica, Senna spp., Inga spp., Erythrina spp., and cover crop mixes with coffee monocultures regarding infestation by the coffee leaf miner and the incidence of rust, Cercospora leaf spot, and Phoma leaf spot. Different diversified coffee systems were evaluated for vegetative growth, nutritional status, yield, planting density, and the physical and sensory quality of the beans. Coffee leaf miner infestation, as well as the incidence of rust and Cercospora leaf spot, showed no differences among the cultivation systems evaluated, indicating that vegetation diversification yielded results similar to conventional systems regarding the occurrence of these pests and diseases. The incidence of Phoma leaf spot varied across experimental sites, being lower in the diversified system during most evaluations in Araponga, while remaining similar between the coffee systems in Paula Cândido. Regarding plant growth, significant differences were observed in height and stem diameter with greater values in the cover crop mix only treatment whereas plagiotropic branch length was unaffected by the treatments. The system consisting exclusively of the cover crop mix yielded the highest productivity approximately double that of systems incorporating shrubs within the coffee rows demonstrating that the lack of proper pruning management for these shrubs fosters competition and shading, thereby delaying maturation and reducing yield. Bean size and density, as well as plant nutritional status, were minimally influenced by the treatments. Physical bean quality showed partial differences, with a lower incidence of defects in the system featuring Varronia curassavica Sensory quality benefited from the diversified systems incorporating shrubs; the Varronia curassavica treatment stood out, achieving the highest score among the coffees evaluated. These results demonstrate that diversifying vegetation in coffee plantations is a promising strategy, contributing to the maintenance of phytosanitary balance, improved beverage quality, and production sustainability. Keywords: Coffea arabica L.; coffee cultivation; beach verbena; multispecies cover crop mixture; beverage quality.
Landscape simplification in coffee monocultures reduces the biological diversity characteristic of natural ecosystems, altering interactions among herbivores, their natural enemies, and pathogens; this can favor the establishment of insect pests and diseases, thereby compromising coffee production, productivity, and quality. In this context, vegetation diversification stands out as a strategy capable of restoring the agroecosystem by increasing biodiversity, improving soil quality, and strengthening the sustainability and resilience of production systems. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of vegetation diversification on pest and disease incidence, as well as on coffee plant growth, productivity, and quality, in commercial Coffea arabica plantations located in the municipalities of Araponga and Paula Cândido, in the Matas de Minas region. The experiments compared diversified coffee systems comprising various combinations of Varronia curassavica, Senna spp., Inga spp., Erythrina spp., and cover crop mixes with coffee monocultures regarding infestation by the coffee leaf miner and the incidence of rust, Cercospora leaf spot, and Phoma leaf spot. Different diversified coffee systems were evaluated for vegetative growth, nutritional status, yield, planting density, and the physical and sensory quality of the beans. Coffee leaf miner infestation, as well as the incidence of rust and Cercospora leaf spot, showed no differences among the cultivation systems evaluated, indicating that vegetation diversification yielded results similar to conventional systems regarding the occurrence of these pests and diseases. The incidence of Phoma leaf spot varied across experimental sites, being lower in the diversified system during most evaluations in Araponga, while remaining similar between the coffee systems in Paula Cândido. Regarding plant growth, significant differences were observed in height and stem diameter with greater values in the cover crop mix only treatment whereas plagiotropic branch length was unaffected by the treatments. The system consisting exclusively of the cover crop mix yielded the highest productivity approximately double that of systems incorporating shrubs within the coffee rows demonstrating that the lack of proper pruning management for these shrubs fosters competition and shading, thereby delaying maturation and reducing yield. Bean size and density, as well as plant nutritional status, were minimally influenced by the treatments. Physical bean quality showed partial differences, with a lower incidence of defects in the system featuring Varronia curassavica Sensory quality benefited from the diversified systems incorporating shrubs; the Varronia curassavica treatment stood out, achieving the highest score among the coffees evaluated. These results demonstrate that diversifying vegetation in coffee plantations is a promising strategy, contributing to the maintenance of phytosanitary balance, improved beverage quality, and production sustainability. Keywords: Coffea arabica L.; coffee cultivation; beach verbena; multispecies cover crop mixture; beverage quality.
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CEZÁRIO, Maykon Dias. Diversificação da vegetação como estratégia de manejo de cafeeiros nas Matas de Minas. 2026. 97 f. Tese (Doutorado em Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
