Mercado de trabalho e doenças cardiovasculares: diferenciais por gênero
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
As doenças cardiovasculares constituem um problema de saúde mundial, respondendo por cerca de 75% das mortes em países de baixa renda, grupo composto principalmente por nações em desenvolvimento. Com o aumento da participação feminina no mercado de trabalho, as mulheres passam a exercer múltiplos papéis, tendo que se dividir entre o papel de trabalhadora, mãe e esposa, o que as expõe a níveis mais elevados de estresse, podendo resultar em maior incidência de doenças cardiovasculares. No período compreendido entre 2013 e 2019, observou-se, no Brasil, que a prevalência de DCV era superior entre as mulheres. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre a ocupação da mulher no mercado de trabalho e a prevalência de doenças cardiovasculares, com foco principal na verificação do diferencial por gênero. Para isso, foi construído um pseudo-painel com os dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) dos anos de 2013 e 2019. Posteriormente, empregou-se o modelo Probit, que permite analisar como as variáveis impactam a probabilidade de os indivíduos serem acometidos por doenças cardiovasculares. Por fim, utilizou-se a decomposição de Fairlie para decompor o diferencial de gênero na probabilidade de prevalência de doenças cardiovasculares. Os resultados indicaram que, na média, as mulheres têm, comparativamente, maiores chances de DCV. A partir da decomposição realizada, constatou-se que as variáveis jornada laboral excessiva, hipertensão e estado civil casado contribuem para reduzir o diferencial, enquanto a ocupação e o tabagismo contribuem para aumentar a disparidade. Ademais, os resultados indicaram que o efeito mulher contribui para aumentar o diferencial, o que poderia estar associado ao efeito negativo de variáveis não observáveis, como a terceira jornada na saúde cardiovascular das mulheres. Palavras-chave: mercado de trabalho; doenças cardiovasculares; gênero; Decomposição de Fairlie
Cardiovascular diseases constitute a global health problem, accounting for about 75% of deaths in low-income countries, a group composed mainly of developing nations. With the increased participation of women in the labor market, women have come to assume multiple roles, balancing their responsibilities as workers, mothers, and wives. This exposes them to higher stress levels, which may result in a higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Between 2013 and 2019, it was observed in Brazil that the prevalence of CVD was higher among women. Thus, this study aims to analyze the relationship between women's employment in the labor market and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, focusing primarily on verifying the gender differential. To achieve this, a pseudo-panel was constructed using data from the National Health Survey (PNS) for the years 2013 and 2019. Subsequently, the Probit model was employed, allowing for an analysis of how these variables impact the probability of individuals being affected by cardiovascular diseases. Finally, the Fairlie decomposition was used to decompose the gender differential in the probability of CVD prevalence. The results indicated that, on average, women have comparatively higher odds of CVD. From the decomposition performed, it was found that the variables excessive working hours, hypertension, and married marital status contribute to reducing the differential, whereas employment and smoking contribute to increasing the disparity. Furthermore, the results indicated that the "woman effect" contributes to increasing the differential, which could be associated with the negative impact of unobservable variables, such as the triple shift, on women's cardiovascular health. Keywords: labor market; cardiovascular diseases; gender; Fairlie decomposition
Cardiovascular diseases constitute a global health problem, accounting for about 75% of deaths in low-income countries, a group composed mainly of developing nations. With the increased participation of women in the labor market, women have come to assume multiple roles, balancing their responsibilities as workers, mothers, and wives. This exposes them to higher stress levels, which may result in a higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Between 2013 and 2019, it was observed in Brazil that the prevalence of CVD was higher among women. Thus, this study aims to analyze the relationship between women's employment in the labor market and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, focusing primarily on verifying the gender differential. To achieve this, a pseudo-panel was constructed using data from the National Health Survey (PNS) for the years 2013 and 2019. Subsequently, the Probit model was employed, allowing for an analysis of how these variables impact the probability of individuals being affected by cardiovascular diseases. Finally, the Fairlie decomposition was used to decompose the gender differential in the probability of CVD prevalence. The results indicated that, on average, women have comparatively higher odds of CVD. From the decomposition performed, it was found that the variables excessive working hours, hypertension, and married marital status contribute to reducing the differential, whereas employment and smoking contribute to increasing the disparity. Furthermore, the results indicated that the "woman effect" contributes to increasing the differential, which could be associated with the negative impact of unobservable variables, such as the triple shift, on women's cardiovascular health. Keywords: labor market; cardiovascular diseases; gender; Fairlie decomposition
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SILVA, Beatriz da Rocha. Mercado de trabalho e doenças cardiovasculares: diferenciais por gênero. 2026. 55 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Economia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
