Crise climática, desafios intergeracionais e cenários futuros na cacauicultura da Amazônia
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Esta tese analisa os desafios e as possibilidades da sucessão agrícola na cacauicultura amazônica a partir da perspectiva das juventudes rurais da Transamazônica paraense, em um contexto marcado por mudanças climáticas, fragilidades estruturais do território e transformações nas dinâmicas sociais do meio rural. O objetivo geral foi identificar como a formação histórica da cacauicultura na Transamazônica, as relações intergeracionais e as interpretações juvenis sobre as mudanças climáticas configuram a construção de futuros possíveis para as juventudes rurais de Uruará e Medicilândia, diante das mudanças climáticas. A pesquisa adotou abordagem qualitativa, de caráter exploratório-interpretativo, com a realização de entrevistas com 43 interlocutores, sendo dividido em dois grupos 16 jovens rurais e 27 adultos e idosos. Com os jovens também foram realizadas oficinas participativas de construção de cenários futuros, conduzidas por meio de grupo focal com 5 jovens, no município de Uruará (PA). Os dados foram analisados a partir da Análise de Conteúdo e análise crítica do discurso para as entrevistas. No grupo focal foi usada metodologia de construção de cenários futuros articulada à aplicação participativa da matriz SWOT para os cenários, sendo estes dados analisados por análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciam que a atividade da cacauicultura na região transamazônica está vinculada ao projeto histórico de colonização, marcada por precariedades e adaptações intergeracionais. Mostrou que as juventudes atuam como protagonistas, mas enfrentam desigualdades de gênero, insegurança fundiária e ausência de políticas de sucessão. revelou que a cobertura midiática sobre clima é superficial e distante da realidade juvenil. A co-construção de cenários revelou vulnerabilidades estruturais persistentes, embora os jovens demonstrem agência e capacidade crítica na formulação de futuros mais sustentáveis e territorialmente enraizados. Predomina a percepção de um cenário futuro mais provável marcado por fragilidades estruturais persistentes, êxodo rural e vulnerabilidade socioambiental. Em contraste, emerge um cenário desejável, ainda considerado menos provável, sustentado por políticas públicas efetivas, valorização da agricultura familiar, educação técnica contextualizada e estratégias de adaptação climática. Conclui-se que a construção participativa de cenários constitui um instrumento metodológico e político relevante para fortalecer o protagonismo juvenil e pensar trajetórias mais sustentáveis para a cacauicultura amazônica. Palavras-chave: cenários futuros; juventude rural; transamazônica; cacauicultura.
This dissertation analyzes the challenges and possibilities of agricultural succession in Amazonian cocoa farming from the perspective of rural youth in the Trans-Amazon region of Pará, within a context marked by climate change, structural territorial fragilities, and transformations in rural social dynamics. The main objective was to identify how the historical formation of cocoa farming in the Trans-Amazon region, intergenerational relations, and youth interpretations of climate change shape the construction of possible futures for rural youth in Uruará and Medicilândia. The study adopted a qualitative, exploratory-interpretative approach, conducting interviews with 43 participants, divided into two groups: 16 rural youth and 27 adults and elderly individuals. Participatory workshops on future scenario building were also carried out with five young participants in Uruará (PA), using a focus group methodology. Data were analyzed through Content Analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis for the interviews. In the focus group, a future scenario-building methodology was combined with the participatory application of the SWOT matrix, and the resulting data were examined through Content Analysis. The findings indicate that cocoa farming in the Trans-Amazon region is historically linked to state-led colonization processes and marked by structural precariousness and intergenerational adaptations. Rural youth act as protagonists but face gender inequalities, land insecurity, and a lack of effective succession policies. Media coverage of climate change was found to be superficial and disconnected from youth realities. The co-construction of scenarios revealed persistent structural vulnerabilities, although young people demonstrate agency and critical capacity in envisioning more sustainable, territorially rooted futures. The perception of a most probable future scenario is characterized by ongoing structural fragilities, rural outmigration, and socio-environmental vulnerability. In contrast, a desirable—though considered less likely—scenario is grounded in effective public policies, support for family farming, contextualized technical education, and climate adaptation strategies. The study concludes that participatory scenario building constitutes a relevant methodological and political tool to strengthen youth protagonism and promote more sustainable pathways for Amazonian cocoa farming.Keywords: future scenarios; rural youth; transamazon region; cocoa farming
This dissertation analyzes the challenges and possibilities of agricultural succession in Amazonian cocoa farming from the perspective of rural youth in the Trans-Amazon region of Pará, within a context marked by climate change, structural territorial fragilities, and transformations in rural social dynamics. The main objective was to identify how the historical formation of cocoa farming in the Trans-Amazon region, intergenerational relations, and youth interpretations of climate change shape the construction of possible futures for rural youth in Uruará and Medicilândia. The study adopted a qualitative, exploratory-interpretative approach, conducting interviews with 43 participants, divided into two groups: 16 rural youth and 27 adults and elderly individuals. Participatory workshops on future scenario building were also carried out with five young participants in Uruará (PA), using a focus group methodology. Data were analyzed through Content Analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis for the interviews. In the focus group, a future scenario-building methodology was combined with the participatory application of the SWOT matrix, and the resulting data were examined through Content Analysis. The findings indicate that cocoa farming in the Trans-Amazon region is historically linked to state-led colonization processes and marked by structural precariousness and intergenerational adaptations. Rural youth act as protagonists but face gender inequalities, land insecurity, and a lack of effective succession policies. Media coverage of climate change was found to be superficial and disconnected from youth realities. The co-construction of scenarios revealed persistent structural vulnerabilities, although young people demonstrate agency and critical capacity in envisioning more sustainable, territorially rooted futures. The perception of a most probable future scenario is characterized by ongoing structural fragilities, rural outmigration, and socio-environmental vulnerability. In contrast, a desirable—though considered less likely—scenario is grounded in effective public policies, support for family farming, contextualized technical education, and climate adaptation strategies. The study concludes that participatory scenario building constitutes a relevant methodological and political tool to strengthen youth protagonism and promote more sustainable pathways for Amazonian cocoa farming.Keywords: future scenarios; rural youth; transamazon region; cocoa farming
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LIMA, Gisele de Aguiar. Crise climática, desafios intergeracionais e cenários futuros na cacauicultura da Amazônia. 2026. 206 f. Tese (Doutorado em Extensão Rural) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
