Efeitos de uma espécie arbórea pioneira recém-chegada em ambientes abertos de campo rupestre
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Os campos rupestres são ecossistemas caracterizados por altitudes elevadas, solos ácidos, rasos e com poucos nutrientes e água disponíveis, condições que favorecem o endemismo, pois agem como filtro ecológico, o que molda a flora presente nesse ambiente. Nesse contexto, a chegada de novas espécies de plantas, especialmente arbóreas pioneiras, podem alterar profundamente essas comunidades, mas infelizmente pouca ou nenhuma informação acerca disso está disponível na literatura. Tendo isso em vista, neste estudo, avaliamos se a presença de Cecropia pachystachya, uma espécie pioneira recém-chegada nos ambientes abertos de campos rupestres da Serra do Cipó (MG), altera a biodiversidade de plantas e artrópodes desse ambiente ao longo do tempo. Para isso investigamos se C. pachystachya exerce influência sobre a fertilidade do solo, e por consequência sobre a abundância e riqueza de plantas e artrópodes edáficos. Assim, estabelecemos e acompanhamos 60 parcelas de 1m2 (30 a um metro da copa - sob a copa - e 30 a dez metros da copa - fora da copa de C. pachystachya) por 12 meses. Nessas unidades amostrais, coletamos amostras de solo, coletamos artrópodes por meio de pitfalls e retiramos toda a vegetação presente inicialmente nas parcelas. Finalmente, nos 3, 8 e 12 meses seguintes, acompanhamos a regeneração natural da vegetação nas parcelas por meio da medição da riqueza e abundância de plantas. Assim como esperado, encontramos maior concentração de Ca2+, maior CTC (Capacidade de Troca Catiônica) e saturação por bases nas parcelas localizadas sob a copa do que em parcelas fora da copa. Além disso, as parcelas sob a copa apresentaram maior abundância e riqueza de plantas do que fora da copa. Encontramos também uma maior abundância de artrópodes edáficos fora da copa, mas a riqueza não diferiu entre parcelas. Nossos achados indicam que a melhoria dos parâmetros nutricionais do solo já influenciam na diversidade de plantas sob a copa, o que pode afetar diretamente a flora endêmica desse ambiente que já se encontra sob forte pressão antrópica Palavras-chave: Sucessão ecológica. Processos ecossistêmicos. Solo-planta. Artrópodes. Cecropia.
Rupestrian fields are ecosystems characterized by high elevations, acidic and shallow soils, and limited availability of nutrients and water. These conditions promote high levels of endemism because they function as strong ecological filters, shaping the composition and structure of the resident flora. In this context, the establishment of new plant species — particularly pioneer tree species — may profoundly alter these communities; however, little to no information on this process is currently available in the ecological literature. In this study, we evaluated whether the presence of Cecropia pachystachya, a pioneer species recently established in open rupestrian fields areas of the Serra do Cipó (Minas Gerais, Brazil), alters plant and arthropod biodiversity in this ecosystem over time. Specifically, we investigated whether C. pachystachya influences soil fertility and, consequently, the abundance and richness of plants and soil-dwelling (edaphic) arthropods. To this end, we established and monitored 60 plots (1 m² each) for 12 months: 30 plots located one meter from the canopy (under the canopy) and 30 plots located ten meters away (outside the canopy of C. pachystachya). Within each sampling unit, we collected soil samples, sampled arthropods using pitfall traps, and initially removed all standing vegetation. Subsequently, at 3, 8, and 12 months, we assessed natural vegetation regeneration by measuring plant richness and abundance. As expected, we found higher Ca² concentrations, greater cation exchange capacity (CEC), and higher base saturation in plots located under the canopy compared to those outside the canopy. In addition, under-canopy plots exhibited greater plant abundance and richness than plots outside the canopy. Conversely, we detected higher abundance of edaphic arthropods outside the canopy, although species richness did not differ between treatments. Our findings indicate that improvements in soil nutritional parameters already influence plant diversity beneath the canopy, potentially affecting the endemic flora of this ecosystem, which is currently under strong anthropogenic pressure. Keywords: Ecological succession. Soil–plant interactions. Arthropods. Cecropia.
Rupestrian fields are ecosystems characterized by high elevations, acidic and shallow soils, and limited availability of nutrients and water. These conditions promote high levels of endemism because they function as strong ecological filters, shaping the composition and structure of the resident flora. In this context, the establishment of new plant species — particularly pioneer tree species — may profoundly alter these communities; however, little to no information on this process is currently available in the ecological literature. In this study, we evaluated whether the presence of Cecropia pachystachya, a pioneer species recently established in open rupestrian fields areas of the Serra do Cipó (Minas Gerais, Brazil), alters plant and arthropod biodiversity in this ecosystem over time. Specifically, we investigated whether C. pachystachya influences soil fertility and, consequently, the abundance and richness of plants and soil-dwelling (edaphic) arthropods. To this end, we established and monitored 60 plots (1 m² each) for 12 months: 30 plots located one meter from the canopy (under the canopy) and 30 plots located ten meters away (outside the canopy of C. pachystachya). Within each sampling unit, we collected soil samples, sampled arthropods using pitfall traps, and initially removed all standing vegetation. Subsequently, at 3, 8, and 12 months, we assessed natural vegetation regeneration by measuring plant richness and abundance. As expected, we found higher Ca² concentrations, greater cation exchange capacity (CEC), and higher base saturation in plots located under the canopy compared to those outside the canopy. In addition, under-canopy plots exhibited greater plant abundance and richness than plots outside the canopy. Conversely, we detected higher abundance of edaphic arthropods outside the canopy, although species richness did not differ between treatments. Our findings indicate that improvements in soil nutritional parameters already influence plant diversity beneath the canopy, potentially affecting the endemic flora of this ecosystem, which is currently under strong anthropogenic pressure. Keywords: Ecological succession. Soil–plant interactions. Arthropods. Cecropia.
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Citation
LIMA, Flávia Mayara Borges. Efeitos de uma espécie arbórea pioneira recém-chegada em ambientes abertos de campo rupestre. 2025. 34 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ecologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
