Adoção de técnicas de produção na agricultura familiar paraguaia: evidências do censo agropecuário de 2022
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Esta dissertação investiga os fatores que influenciam a adoção de técnicas de produção na agricultura familiar paraguaia, com base nos microdados do Censo Agropecuário Nacional de 2022. O estudo busca compreender em que medida características socioeconômicas, institucionais e territoriais condicionam o nível de adoção de técnicas produtivas modernas, sustentáveis e convencionais entre agricultores familiares e não familiares. Para isso, foi construído o Índice Ponderado de Técnicas Agropecuárias (IPTA), elaborado a partir de 36 variáveis relacionadas a diferentes tipos de técnicas, permitindo mensurar a intensidade de adoção e compará-la entre grupos e regiões. A análise foi desenvolvida em duas etapas. A primeira consistiu em uma caracterização descritiva dos produtores segundo critérios da Lei Nº 6.286/2019, identificando padrões de distribuição por sexo, idade, escolaridade, tamanho da propriedade e localização regional. A segunda etapa utilizou um modelo de regressão Beta, adequado a variáveis proporcionais, para estimar os determinantes do nível de adoção de técnicas. As variáveis explicativas incluíram fatores como escolaridade, acesso ao crédito, assistência técnica, participação em associações e infraestrutura produtiva. Os principais resultados indicam que os agricultores familiares apresentam níveis médios de adoção significativamente inferiores aos dos agricultores não familiares, sobretudo na Região Ocidental, onde predominam condições agroecológicas mais adversas e maior concentração fundiária. A assistência técnica, associação dos produtores e o crédito rural mostraram-se os principais determinantes positivos da adoção, confirmando a importância apoio institucional para a difusão tecnológica. O Índice de Moran Global indicou autocorrelação espacial positiva, com clusters alto–alto concentrados na Região Oriental Sudeste onde estão os polos agroindustriais integrados a cadeias de exportação e difusão tecnológica. O estudo evidencia que o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar paraguaia depende de políticas públicas voltadas à ampliação do acesso à educação, e fatores institucionais, elementos essenciais para reduzir a defasagem tecnológica e promover a sustentabilidade produtiva. O estudo contribui para o entendimento da agricultura familiar como um ator-chave do desenvolvimento rural Paraguaio. Palavras-chave: agricultura familiar; adoção de técnicas; determinantes; censo agropecuário; Paraguai.
This dissertation investigates the factors that influence the adoption of production techniques in Paraguayan family farming, based on microdata from the 2022 National Agricultural Census. The study seeks to understand to what extent socioeconomic, institutional and territorial characteristics condition the level of adoption of modern, sustainable and conventional production techniques among family and non-family farmers. To this end, the Weighted Index of Agricultural Techniques (IPTA) was constructed, elaborated from 36 variables related to different types of techniques, allowing measuring the intensity of adoption and comparing it between groups and regions. The analysis was developed in two stages. The first consisted of a descriptive characterization of producers according to the criteria of Law No. 6.286/2019, identifying distribution patterns by sex, age, education, property size, and regional location. The second stage used a beta regression model, suitable for proportional variables, to estimate the determinants of the level of adoption of techniques. Explanatory variables included factors such as education, access to credit, technical assistance, participation in associations, and productive infrastructure. The main results indicate that family farmers have significantly lower average levels of adoption than non-family farmers, especially in the Western Region, where more adverse agroecological conditions and higher land concentration predominate. Technical assistance, producers' association and rural credit proved to be the main positive determinants of adoption, confirming the importance of institutional support for technological diffusion. The Global Moran Index indicated positive spatial autocorrelation, with high-high clusters concentrated in the Eastern Southeast Region, where the agro-industrial poles integrated into export chains and technological diffusion are located. The study shows that the strengthening of Paraguayan family farming depends on public policies aimed at expanding access to education, and institutional factors, essential elements to reduce the technological gap and promote productive sustainability. The study contributes to the understanding of family farming as a key actor in Paraguayan rural development. Keywords: family farming; adoption of techniques; determinants; agricultural census; Paraguay.
This dissertation investigates the factors that influence the adoption of production techniques in Paraguayan family farming, based on microdata from the 2022 National Agricultural Census. The study seeks to understand to what extent socioeconomic, institutional and territorial characteristics condition the level of adoption of modern, sustainable and conventional production techniques among family and non-family farmers. To this end, the Weighted Index of Agricultural Techniques (IPTA) was constructed, elaborated from 36 variables related to different types of techniques, allowing measuring the intensity of adoption and comparing it between groups and regions. The analysis was developed in two stages. The first consisted of a descriptive characterization of producers according to the criteria of Law No. 6.286/2019, identifying distribution patterns by sex, age, education, property size, and regional location. The second stage used a beta regression model, suitable for proportional variables, to estimate the determinants of the level of adoption of techniques. Explanatory variables included factors such as education, access to credit, technical assistance, participation in associations, and productive infrastructure. The main results indicate that family farmers have significantly lower average levels of adoption than non-family farmers, especially in the Western Region, where more adverse agroecological conditions and higher land concentration predominate. Technical assistance, producers' association and rural credit proved to be the main positive determinants of adoption, confirming the importance of institutional support for technological diffusion. The Global Moran Index indicated positive spatial autocorrelation, with high-high clusters concentrated in the Eastern Southeast Region, where the agro-industrial poles integrated into export chains and technological diffusion are located. The study shows that the strengthening of Paraguayan family farming depends on public policies aimed at expanding access to education, and institutional factors, essential elements to reduce the technological gap and promote productive sustainability. The study contributes to the understanding of family farming as a key actor in Paraguayan rural development. Keywords: family farming; adoption of techniques; determinants; agricultural census; Paraguay.
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BLANCO DESVARS, Martin Ariel. Adoção de técnicas de produção na agricultura familiar paraguaia: evidências do censo agropecuário de 2022. 2025. 77 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Economia Aplicada) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
