Utilização de serviços institucionais de apoio à saúde mental e risco de abandono/desligamento entre estudantes beneficiários da assistência estudantil
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A permanência de estudantes em vulnerabilidade socioeconômica no ensino superior público envolve desafios ligados às desigualdades sociais, às dificuldades acadêmicas e às demandas crescentes por cuidado em saúde mental. Diante desse contexto, este estudo analisa a associação da utilização de serviços institucionais de apoio à saúde mental ao risco de abandono/desligamento entre estudantes beneficiários da assistência estudantil de uma instituição federal de ensino superior. Trata-se de uma coorte retrospectiva, de caráter observacional e analítico, composta por 5.470 estudantes atendidos entre 2012 e 2023. A pesquisa integra dados administrativos de assistência estudantil, atendimentos psicossociais e desempenho acadêmico, definindo o uso de serviços de saúde mental como exposição e a evasão acadêmica (abandono/desligamento) como desfecho. A análise emprega estimadores de sobrevivência de Kaplan-Meier e modelos de riscos proporcionais de Cox, incluindo modelos de fragilidade, permitindo examinar a associação entre características individuais, trajetória acadêmica e participação em serviços psicossociais. Os resultados revelam que o abandono acadêmico apresenta natureza multifatorial, influenciado por características socioeconômicas, raciais, étnicas, desempenho acadêmico e trajetórias formativas. O uso de serviços de apoio à saúde mental mostra efeito protetivo relevante, sobretudo quando ocorre de forma precoce. Observa-se ainda heterogeneidade entre cursos e maior risco de evasão entre estudantes indígenas, em situação de maior vulnerabilidade econômica e com baixo rendimento acadêmico. O estudo apresenta um modelo preditivo, de caráter complementar às análises explicativas, capaz de estimar o risco individual de abandono/desligamento, testado internamente e com potencial aplicação institucional no monitoramento contínuo e no planejamento de ações preventivas. Reconhece limitações relacionadas ao uso de dados administrativos retrospectivos, à ausência de variáveis subjetivas e à baixa adesão aos serviços psicossociais. Ao integrar variáveis de assistência estudantil, saúde mental e desempenho acadêmico, este estudo contribui para o aprimoramento da aplicação institucional da Política Nacional de Assistência Estudantil (PNAES), ao fortalecer a tomada de decisão baseada em dados internos. Conclui-se que a permanência de estudantes em vulnerabilidade requer articulação entre apoio financeiro, acompanhamento acadêmico e suporte psicossocial, aliando análises explicativas e preditivas, e reconhecendo o papel da universidade pública como espaço estratégico de cuidado e como componente complementar da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS), especialmente na identificação precoce de demandas e na prevenção de agravos em saúde mental. Palavras-chave: Assistência à Saúde Mental; Saúde do Estudante; Política Pública; Vulnerabilidade Social; Evasão Escolar
The persistence of socioeconomically vulnerable students in public higher education involves challenges related to social inequalities, academic difficulties, and increasing demands for mental health care. Within this context, this study analyzes the association between the use of institutional mental health support services and the risk of dropout or dismissal among students who receive student assistance at a federal higher education institution. This is a retrospective cohort study with an observational and analytical design, comprising 5,470 students assisted between 2012 and 2023. The research integrates administrative data on student assistance, psychosocial care, and academic performance, defining the use of mental health services as the exposure and academic attrition, dropout or dismissal, as the outcome. The analysis employs Kaplan–Meier survival estimators and Cox proportional hazards models, including frailty models, allowing the examination of associations among individual characteristics, academic trajectories, and participation in psychosocial services. The results indicate that academic dropout has a multifactorial nature, influenced by socioeconomic, racial, and ethnic characteristics, academic performance, and educational trajectories. The use of mental health support services shows a relevant protective effect, particularly when it occurs early. Heterogeneity across academic programs is also observed, as well as a higher risk of attrition among Indigenous students, those in situations of greater economic vulnerability, and those with low academic performance. The study presents a predictive model, complementary in nature to the explanatory analyses, capable of estimating individual risk of dropout or dismissal, internally tested and with potential institutional application for continuous monitoring and the planning of preventive actions. Limitations related to the use of retrospective administrative data, the absence of subjective variables, and low adherence to psychosocial services are acknowledged. By integrating variables related to student assistance, mental health, and academic performance, this study contributes to improving the institutional application of the National Student Assistance Policy, PNAES, by strengthening data- driven decision-making based on internal information. It is concluded that the persistence of socioeconomically vulnerable students requires coordination among financial support, academic monitoring, and psychosocial support, combining explanatory and predictive analyses, and recognizing the role of the public university as a strategic space for care and as a complementary component of the Psychosocial Care Network, RAPS, especially in the early identification of demands and in the prevention of mental health problems. Keywords: Mental Health Care; Student Health; Public Policy; Social Vulnerability; Academic Attrition
The persistence of socioeconomically vulnerable students in public higher education involves challenges related to social inequalities, academic difficulties, and increasing demands for mental health care. Within this context, this study analyzes the association between the use of institutional mental health support services and the risk of dropout or dismissal among students who receive student assistance at a federal higher education institution. This is a retrospective cohort study with an observational and analytical design, comprising 5,470 students assisted between 2012 and 2023. The research integrates administrative data on student assistance, psychosocial care, and academic performance, defining the use of mental health services as the exposure and academic attrition, dropout or dismissal, as the outcome. The analysis employs Kaplan–Meier survival estimators and Cox proportional hazards models, including frailty models, allowing the examination of associations among individual characteristics, academic trajectories, and participation in psychosocial services. The results indicate that academic dropout has a multifactorial nature, influenced by socioeconomic, racial, and ethnic characteristics, academic performance, and educational trajectories. The use of mental health support services shows a relevant protective effect, particularly when it occurs early. Heterogeneity across academic programs is also observed, as well as a higher risk of attrition among Indigenous students, those in situations of greater economic vulnerability, and those with low academic performance. The study presents a predictive model, complementary in nature to the explanatory analyses, capable of estimating individual risk of dropout or dismissal, internally tested and with potential institutional application for continuous monitoring and the planning of preventive actions. Limitations related to the use of retrospective administrative data, the absence of subjective variables, and low adherence to psychosocial services are acknowledged. By integrating variables related to student assistance, mental health, and academic performance, this study contributes to improving the institutional application of the National Student Assistance Policy, PNAES, by strengthening data- driven decision-making based on internal information. It is concluded that the persistence of socioeconomically vulnerable students requires coordination among financial support, academic monitoring, and psychosocial support, combining explanatory and predictive analyses, and recognizing the role of the public university as a strategic space for care and as a complementary component of the Psychosocial Care Network, RAPS, especially in the early identification of demands and in the prevention of mental health problems. Keywords: Mental Health Care; Student Health; Public Policy; Social Vulnerability; Academic Attrition
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FONSECA, Luís Gustavo da Silva. Utilização de serviços institucionais de apoio à saúde mental e risco de abandono/desligamento entre estudantes beneficiários da assistência estudantil. 2025. 106 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Ciências da Saúde) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
