Enxertia de maracujazeiro azedo em Passiflora foetida: impacto no crescimento vegetativo e na anatomia do caule
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O Brasil é o maior produtor de maracujá azedo (Passiflora edulis Sims) no mundo, com 45.761 hectares colhidos em 2023. Essa frutífera apresenta importância social e econômica principalmente para pequenos e médios produtores, estando presente em todos os estados da Federação. Contudo, os cultivares comerciais são suscetíveis a doenças de solo, com destaque para a fusariose. Essa doença é provocada por fungos do gênero Fusarium, levando as plantas à morte prematura. Tendo em vista os desafios impostos pelas doenças do solo, vias alternativas para redução dos impactos, como a enxertia em materiais tolerantes, é amplamente utilizada. O Brasil é o centro da diversidade genética do maracujazeiro permitindo a exploração de diferentes espécies nativas como porta-enxertos. Por apresentar excelente poder de sobrevivência em áreas com histórico de fusariose, a espécie Passiflora foetida demonstra grande potencial de utilização para a produção de mudas enxertadas. Esse trabalho foi desenvolvido para comparar duas técnicas de enxertia, garfagem em fenda cheia e garfagem em fenda lateral. As mudas foram avaliadas pela sua altura, diâmetro do colo, número de folhas, matéria seca, índice de robustez e índice de qualidade de mudas de Dickson. As raízes foram avaliadas com base no tamanho, área superficial e volume. Também foi levado em consideração a anatomia da região da enxertia. Podemos concluir que a espécie Passiflora foetida se mostrou um ótimo porta-enxerto, com boa compatibilidade, poder de recuperação e desenvolvimento das mudas e sistema radicular vigoroso. Com base nas avaliações a garfagem em fenda lateral se mostrou a melhor técnica a ser utilizada na produção de mudas. Palavras-chave: Passiflora; Espécie nativa; caracterização morfológica; Fusariose; Propagação.
Brazil is the largest producer of sour passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) in the world, with 45,761 hectares harvested in 2023. This fruit crop holds social and economic importance, especially for small and medium-sized producers, being present in all states of the Federation. However, commercial cultivars are susceptible to soil-borne diseases, particularly fusariosis. This disease is caused by fungi of the Fusarium genus, leading to premature plant death. Given the challenges posed by soil-borne diseases, alternative methods to reduce their impact, such as grafting onto tolerant rootstocks, are widely used. Brazil is the center of genetic diversity for passion fruit, allowing the exploration of different native species as rootstocks. Due to its excellent survival capacity in areas with a history of fusariosis, the species Passiflora foetida shows great potential for grafted seedling production. This study was conducted to compare two grafting techniques: full cleft grafting and side cleft grafting. The seedlings were evaluated based on their height, collar diameter, number of leaves, dry matter, robustness index, and Dickson’s quality index. The roots were assessed for length, surface area, and volume. The anatomy of the grafting region was also considered. We conclude that Passiflora foetida proved to be an excellent rootstock, with good compatibility, recovery capacity, vigorous seedling development, and a strong root system. Based on the evaluations, side cleft grafting was found to be the best technique for seedling production. Keywords: Passiflora; Native species; Morphological characterization; Fusariosis; Propagation.
Brazil is the largest producer of sour passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) in the world, with 45,761 hectares harvested in 2023. This fruit crop holds social and economic importance, especially for small and medium-sized producers, being present in all states of the Federation. However, commercial cultivars are susceptible to soil-borne diseases, particularly fusariosis. This disease is caused by fungi of the Fusarium genus, leading to premature plant death. Given the challenges posed by soil-borne diseases, alternative methods to reduce their impact, such as grafting onto tolerant rootstocks, are widely used. Brazil is the center of genetic diversity for passion fruit, allowing the exploration of different native species as rootstocks. Due to its excellent survival capacity in areas with a history of fusariosis, the species Passiflora foetida shows great potential for grafted seedling production. This study was conducted to compare two grafting techniques: full cleft grafting and side cleft grafting. The seedlings were evaluated based on their height, collar diameter, number of leaves, dry matter, robustness index, and Dickson’s quality index. The roots were assessed for length, surface area, and volume. The anatomy of the grafting region was also considered. We conclude that Passiflora foetida proved to be an excellent rootstock, with good compatibility, recovery capacity, vigorous seedling development, and a strong root system. Based on the evaluations, side cleft grafting was found to be the best technique for seedling production. Keywords: Passiflora; Native species; Morphological characterization; Fusariosis; Propagation.
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SILVA, Flávio Campos. Enxertia de maracujazeiro azedo em Passiflora foetida: impacto no crescimento vegetativo e na anatomia do caule. 2024. 50 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
