Capacidade de combinação entre linhagens de milho tropical em condições de população de planta tradicional e alta
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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Com o crescimento da produção de milho no Brasil, e a demanda por cultivares mais produtivos e adaptados, informações sobre a capacidade de combinação de linhagens são fundamentais para a seleção de genitores e o direcionamento de cruzamentos promissores. Nesse contexto, a população de plantas pode influenciar os efeitos de capacidade geral (CGC) e específica de combinação (CEC) das linhagens parentais dos híbridos e, consequentemente, afetar as estratégias de seleção de linhagens e híbridos para ambientes de populações altas de plantas. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi estimar a CGC e CEC entre linhagens de milho tropical em duas populações de plantas: tradiciconal (60.000 plantas ha-1) e alta (100.000 plantas ha-1). Para isso, vinte e duas linhagens de milho tropical pertencentes ao banco de germoplasma do Programa Milho® foram cruzadas em um esquema de dialelo parcial (11 × 11). Os 121 híbridos experimentais mais sete híbridos comerciais foram avaliados para 21 caracteres agronômicos duas populações de plantas: tradiciconal (60.000 plantas ha-1) e alta (100.000 plantas ha- 1) em dois locais durante duas safras agrícolas. Houve efeito de híbridos e ambientes para todos os caracteres avaliados em ambas as populações de plantas; e efeito de CGC de ambos os grupos e CEC para quase todos os caracteres. A CGC foi mais influenciada pelo ambiente, enquanto as interações CEC com ambiente foram restritas a poucos caracteres. A maioria das linhagens apresentou consistência das estimativas de CGC entre as duas populações de plantas, com destaque para VML169, VML035, VML022 e VML118 que apresentarem estimativas altas de CGC positiva para produtividade de grãos e estimativas de CGC negativa dos caracteres de ciclo e estatura de planta. Os híbridos VML169/VML118 e VML169/VML029 apresentaram os melhores desempenhos agronômicos em ambas as populações de plantas, indicados como promissores para ambas as populações de plantas. Conclui-se que a população de plantas não afeta o controle genético e nem as estimativas de CGC e CEC das linhagens e dos híbridos. O híbrido VML169/VML118 apresentou alto potencial para cultivo em populações altas de plantas. Palavras-chave: Zea mays L. ; dialelo parcial; Heterose.
Given the growth of maize production in Brazil and the demand for more productive and adapted cultivars, information on the combining ability of inbred lines is fundamental for the selection of parents and the direction of promising crosses. In this context, plant population may influence the General Combining Ability (GCA) and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) effects of the parental inbred lines of hybrids, consequently affecting selection strategies for inbred lines and hybrids in high-plant- population environments. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the GCA and SCA among tropical maize inbred lines under two plant populations: conventional (60,000 plants ha-1) and high (100,000 plants ha-1). For this purpose, twenty-two tropical maize inbred lines belonging to the germplasm bank of the Programa Milho® were crossed in a partial diallel mating design (11×11). The 121 experimental hybrids, plus seven commercial hybrids, were evaluated for 21 agronomic traits in the two plant populations (conventional: 60,000 plants ha-1 and high: 100,000 plants ha-1) across two locations during two growing seasons. Hybrid and environment effects were observed for all traits evaluated in both plant populations. GCA effects were significant for both groups, and SCA effects were significant for almost all traits. GCA was more influenced by the environment, while SCA × environment interactions were restricted to a few traits. Most inbred lines demonstrated consistency in GCA estimates between the two plant populations, notably VML169, VML035, VML022, and VML118, which exhibited high positive GCA estimates for grain yield and negative GCA estimates for maturity cycle and plant height traits. The hybrids VML169/VML118 and VML169/VML029 demonstrated the best agronomic performance in both plant populations, indicating their potential for both densities. It is concluded that plant population does not affect the genetic control, nor the GCA and SCA estimates of the inbred lines and hybrids. The hybrid VML169/VML118 exhibited high potential for cultivation in high-plant-population environments. Keywords: Zea mays L.; partial diallel; heterosis.
Given the growth of maize production in Brazil and the demand for more productive and adapted cultivars, information on the combining ability of inbred lines is fundamental for the selection of parents and the direction of promising crosses. In this context, plant population may influence the General Combining Ability (GCA) and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) effects of the parental inbred lines of hybrids, consequently affecting selection strategies for inbred lines and hybrids in high-plant- population environments. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the GCA and SCA among tropical maize inbred lines under two plant populations: conventional (60,000 plants ha-1) and high (100,000 plants ha-1). For this purpose, twenty-two tropical maize inbred lines belonging to the germplasm bank of the Programa Milho® were crossed in a partial diallel mating design (11×11). The 121 experimental hybrids, plus seven commercial hybrids, were evaluated for 21 agronomic traits in the two plant populations (conventional: 60,000 plants ha-1 and high: 100,000 plants ha-1) across two locations during two growing seasons. Hybrid and environment effects were observed for all traits evaluated in both plant populations. GCA effects were significant for both groups, and SCA effects were significant for almost all traits. GCA was more influenced by the environment, while SCA × environment interactions were restricted to a few traits. Most inbred lines demonstrated consistency in GCA estimates between the two plant populations, notably VML169, VML035, VML022, and VML118, which exhibited high positive GCA estimates for grain yield and negative GCA estimates for maturity cycle and plant height traits. The hybrids VML169/VML118 and VML169/VML029 demonstrated the best agronomic performance in both plant populations, indicating their potential for both densities. It is concluded that plant population does not affect the genetic control, nor the GCA and SCA estimates of the inbred lines and hybrids. The hybrid VML169/VML118 exhibited high potential for cultivation in high-plant-population environments. Keywords: Zea mays L.; partial diallel; heterosis.
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SOUZA, Rafael Rocha de. Capacidade de combinação entre linhagens de milho tropical em condições de população de planta tradicional e alta. 2025. 63 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
