Consumo de nutrientes doadores do grupo metil nos fatores de risco e no prognóstico de mulheres com câncer de mama: evidências longitudinais e sistemáticas
Loading...
Date
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O câncer compreende um grande grupo de doenças caracterizadas pelo crescimento desordenado de células, que podem ser agressivas e incontroláveis. Entre as mulheres, o câncer de mama é um dos principais problemas de saúde, devido à sua alta taxa de mortalidade e morbidade. Fatores como a alimentação, desempenham papéis importantes na carcinogênese mamária e no desenvolvimento da doença. Estudos demonstram que a ingestão de micronutrientes dietéticos envolvidos na via do metabolismo de um-carbono, sendo eles o folato, as vitaminas B2, B6, B12, colina, betaína e metionina, influenciam o início e a progressão do câncer de mama, pois influenciam a estabilidade e expressão dos genes. Assim, esse estudo tem como objetivo investigar a associação entre o consumo de nutrientes doadores de grupos metil (NDM), sobrevida, estadiamento e oncogênese em mulheres com câncer de mama. Além disso, avaliar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática com metanálise, a relação entre a ingestão de folato e a oncogênese em mulheres com câncer de mama. O artigo 1 trata-se de um estudo observacional longitudinal com mulheres com câncer de mama em tratamento quimioterápico no Hospital do Câncer de Muriaé-MG entre dezembro de 2021 e junho de 2022. As informações sociodemográficas, clínicas, antropométricas, alimentares e de sobrevida foram obtidas por questionário, prontuário eletrônico e entrevistas, além da coleta de dados antropométricos. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por dois recordatórios de 24 horas e a ingestão de NDM quantificada com base em tabelas da USDA. Foram considerados os nutrientes: folato alimentar e total, vitaminas B2, B6, B12, colina, betaína e metionina. O estadiamento foi classificado conforme o sistema TNM (tumor-nódulo-metástase). A sobrevida global foi mensurada a partir da data do diagnóstico até o óbito ou última consulta. As análises estatísticas incluíram testes paramétricos e não paramétricos, Regressão logística multinomial para o estadiamento e modelos de regressão de Cox e Kaplan-Meier para a sobrevida, com nível de significância de 5%. Entre as 214 mulheres avaliadas, 19,1% foram a óbito, com mediana de sobrevida de 3 anos. A taxa de sobrevida foi de 80,8%. Mulheres com menor tempo de sobrevida (<5 anos) apresentara mmaiores consumos de folato alimentar, folato total e colina. O mesmo padrão foi observado em estadiamentos mais avançados da doença, com maiores ingestões de folato alimentar (p = 0,014) e folato total (p = 0,035). O maior consumo de folato alimentar e total associou-se a maiores chances de estadiamentos II, III e IV. Já o maior consumo de metionina esteve associado a menor chance de estadiamento II (OR = 0,6; p = 0,015). Na Regressão de Cox multivariada, fatores de proteção para a mortalidade incluíram cirurgia, excesso de peso e maior tempo de diagnóstico, enquanto a perda de peso =10% foi fator de risco. Nenhum nutriente mostrou associação estatisticamente significativa com a sobrevida, mas houve tendência de efeito protetor para o consumo de folato alimentar, folato total, vitamina B2 e B6. Em conclusão, a análise de estadiamento revelou que maior consumo de folato alimentar e total esteve associado a estágios mais avançados da doença. Na análise de sobrevida, não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre os NDM e o tempo até o óbito, embora tenha sido observada tendência de efeito protetor com o consumo adequado de folato, vitamina B2 e B6. Já no artigo 2, a revisão sistemática e metanálise, foi realizada busca por pares de forma cega nas bases de dados Embase, Pubmed/Medline e Web of Science. Foram incluídos estudos originais dos tipos coorte e caso controle que associaram o consumo ou suplementação de folato com o risco de desenvolvimento do câncer de mama. A busca resultou em 377 estudos. Após exclusão por duplicatas, leitura do título e resumos 13 foram selecionados para leitura na íntegra e 11 atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. A maioria dos estudos (n = 8) encontrou associação direta entre o consumo de folato e a redução do risco de câncer de mama, sendo que um estudo observou uma relação em forma de U entre a ingestão dietética de folato com o risco de câncer de mama. Por outro lado, três estudos não observaram associação com o risco da doença. Ao realizar a metanálise comparando o consumo médio de folato entre grupos caso e controle, não obteve-se significância estatística, indicando ausência de asso. Alguns estudos indicaram uma possível associação entre o consumo de folato e o risco de câncer de mama, no entanto, a metanálise deste estudo não confirmou essa relação, apontando ausência de efeito significativo. Palavras-chave: câncer de mama; doadores de metil; metilação do DNA.
Cancer comprises a large group of diseases characterized by disordered cell growth, which can be aggressive and uncontrollable. Among women, breast cancer is a major health problem due to its high mortality and morbidity rate. Factors such as diet play important roles in breast carcinogenesis and disease development. Studies show that the intake of dietary micronutrients involved in the one-carbon metabolism pathway—folate, vitamins B2, B6, B12, choline, betaine, and methionine—influences the onset and progression of breast cancer by affecting gene stability and expression. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between the consumption of methyl group donor (MDN) nutrients, survival, staging, and oncogenesis in women with breast cancer. Furthermore, it aims to evaluate, through a systematic review with meta-analysis, the relationship between folate intake and oncogenesis in women with breast cancer. Article 1 is a longitudinal observational study of women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy at the Muriaé Cancer Hospital, Minas Gerais, between December 2021 and June 2022. Sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric, dietary, and survival information were obtained through a questionnaire, electronic medical records, and interviews, in addition to anthropometric data collection. Dietary intake was assessed through two 24-hour dietary recalls, and NDM intake was quantified based on USDA tables. The following nutrients were considered: dietary and total folate, vitamins B2, B6, B12, choline, betaine, and methionine. Staging was classified according to the TNM (tumor-node- metastasis) system. Overall survival was measured from the date of diagnosis until death or last follow-up visit. Statistical analyses included parametric and nonparametric tests, multinomial logistic regression for staging, and Cox and Kaplan- Meier regression models for survival, with a significance level of 5%. Among the 214 women evaluated, 19.1% died, with a median survival of 3 years. The survival rate was 80.8%. Women with shorter survival times (<5 years) had higher intakes of dietary folate, total folate, and choline. The same pattern was observed in more advanced stages of the disease, with higher intakes of dietary folate (p = 0.014) and total folate (p = 0.035). Higher dietary and total folate intake was associated with a higher chance of stages II, III, and IV. Higher methionine intake was associated with a lower chance of stage II (OR = 0.6; p = 0.015). In multivariate Cox regression, protective factors for mortality included surgery, excess weight, and longer time since diagnosis, while weight loss =10% was a risk factor. No nutrient showed a statistically significant association with survival, but there was a trend toward a protective effect for dietary folate, total folate, vitamin B2, and B6 intake. In conclusion, the staging analysis revealed that higher dietary and total folate intake was associated with more advanced stages of the disease. In the survival analysis, there was no statistically significant association between NDM and time to death, although a trend toward a protective effect was observed with adequate intake of folate, vitamin B2, and B6. In article 2, the systematic review and meta-analysis, a blinded paired-reference search was performed in the Embase, Pubmed/Medline, and Web of Science databases. Original cohort and case-control studies that associated folate intake or supplementation with the risk of developing breast cancer were included. The search yielded 377 studies. After exclusion of duplicates and reading of the title and abstracts, 13 were selected for full-text reading, and 11 met the eligibility criteria. Most studies (n = 8) found a direct association between folate intake and reduced breast cancer risk, with one study observing a U-shaped relationship between dietary folate intake and breast cancer risk. On the other hand, three studies found no association with breast cancer risk. A meta-analysis comparing mean folate intake between case and control groups found no statistical significance, indicating no association. Some studies have indicated a possible association between folate intake and breast cancer risk; however, the meta-analysis of this study did not confirm this relationship, indicating a lack of significant effect. Keywords: breast cancer; methyl donors; DNA methylation.
Cancer comprises a large group of diseases characterized by disordered cell growth, which can be aggressive and uncontrollable. Among women, breast cancer is a major health problem due to its high mortality and morbidity rate. Factors such as diet play important roles in breast carcinogenesis and disease development. Studies show that the intake of dietary micronutrients involved in the one-carbon metabolism pathway—folate, vitamins B2, B6, B12, choline, betaine, and methionine—influences the onset and progression of breast cancer by affecting gene stability and expression. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between the consumption of methyl group donor (MDN) nutrients, survival, staging, and oncogenesis in women with breast cancer. Furthermore, it aims to evaluate, through a systematic review with meta-analysis, the relationship between folate intake and oncogenesis in women with breast cancer. Article 1 is a longitudinal observational study of women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy at the Muriaé Cancer Hospital, Minas Gerais, between December 2021 and June 2022. Sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric, dietary, and survival information were obtained through a questionnaire, electronic medical records, and interviews, in addition to anthropometric data collection. Dietary intake was assessed through two 24-hour dietary recalls, and NDM intake was quantified based on USDA tables. The following nutrients were considered: dietary and total folate, vitamins B2, B6, B12, choline, betaine, and methionine. Staging was classified according to the TNM (tumor-node- metastasis) system. Overall survival was measured from the date of diagnosis until death or last follow-up visit. Statistical analyses included parametric and nonparametric tests, multinomial logistic regression for staging, and Cox and Kaplan- Meier regression models for survival, with a significance level of 5%. Among the 214 women evaluated, 19.1% died, with a median survival of 3 years. The survival rate was 80.8%. Women with shorter survival times (<5 years) had higher intakes of dietary folate, total folate, and choline. The same pattern was observed in more advanced stages of the disease, with higher intakes of dietary folate (p = 0.014) and total folate (p = 0.035). Higher dietary and total folate intake was associated with a higher chance of stages II, III, and IV. Higher methionine intake was associated with a lower chance of stage II (OR = 0.6; p = 0.015). In multivariate Cox regression, protective factors for mortality included surgery, excess weight, and longer time since diagnosis, while weight loss =10% was a risk factor. No nutrient showed a statistically significant association with survival, but there was a trend toward a protective effect for dietary folate, total folate, vitamin B2, and B6 intake. In conclusion, the staging analysis revealed that higher dietary and total folate intake was associated with more advanced stages of the disease. In the survival analysis, there was no statistically significant association between NDM and time to death, although a trend toward a protective effect was observed with adequate intake of folate, vitamin B2, and B6. In article 2, the systematic review and meta-analysis, a blinded paired-reference search was performed in the Embase, Pubmed/Medline, and Web of Science databases. Original cohort and case-control studies that associated folate intake or supplementation with the risk of developing breast cancer were included. The search yielded 377 studies. After exclusion of duplicates and reading of the title and abstracts, 13 were selected for full-text reading, and 11 met the eligibility criteria. Most studies (n = 8) found a direct association between folate intake and reduced breast cancer risk, with one study observing a U-shaped relationship between dietary folate intake and breast cancer risk. On the other hand, three studies found no association with breast cancer risk. A meta-analysis comparing mean folate intake between case and control groups found no statistical significance, indicating no association. Some studies have indicated a possible association between folate intake and breast cancer risk; however, the meta-analysis of this study did not confirm this relationship, indicating a lack of significant effect. Keywords: breast cancer; methyl donors; DNA methylation.
Description
Citation
ELEOTÉRIO, Mariana Reis. Consumo de nutrientes doadores do grupo metil nos fatores de risco e no prognóstico de mulheres com câncer de mama: evidências longitudinais e sistemáticas. 2025. 115 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência da Nutrição) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
