Efeito da biomassa de banana verde associada a dieta restrita em calorias na saúde gastrointestinal e em marcadores de risco cardiomatabólico, em adultos com excesso de gordura corporal
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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Introdução: A obesidade favorece disfunções gastrointestinais e inflamação de baixo grau que precedem doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT). Assim, pesquisadores investigam os potenciais benefícios à saúde de compostos bioativos funcionais, como a biomassa de banana verde. Objetivos: Artigo 1: Sistematizar evidências dos efeitos da biomassa de banana verde sobre marcadores antropométricos, bioquímicos e intestinais em humanos e animais. Artigo 2: Avaliar os efeitos da biomassa na saúde gastrointestinal, incluindo sintomas clínicos, ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC), pH fecal, permeabilidade intestinal e endotoxemia metabólica. Artigo 3: Investigar o impacto do consumo da biomassa sobre produtos finais de glicação avançada (AGEs) e seus receptores séricos/celulares (em células mononucleares do sangue periférico. Artigo 4: Avaliar os efeitos da biomassa sobre índices de risco de DCNT e variáveis bioquímicas. Métodos: Artigo 1: Revisão sistemática nas bases Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science até janeiro de 2024, selecionando 12 estudos publicados entre 2001 e 2021 que avaliaram o efeito da banana verde cozida com ou sem casca em variáveis antropométricas, bioquímicas e intestinais, conforme diretrizes PRISMA e Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Artigo 2: Ensaio clínico duplo-cego, randomizado e paralelo, de 12 semanas, envolvendo 30 participantes no Grupo Biomassa (GB) e 35 no Grupo Controle (GC), ambos recebendo 40 g/dia (biomassa ou banana madura + dieta com déficit calórico de 500 kcal). Avaliamos sintomas gastrointestinais, características das fezes, AGCC fecais, pH fecal, permeabilidade intestinal e endotoxemia metabólica (dosagem sérica de lipopolissacarídeo, proteína ligadora e CD14 solúvel) no início (T0), meio (T6) e fim (T12) do estudo. Artigo 3: Nós mensuramos AGEs e receptores solúveis, além da expressão do receptor de AGEs (RAGE) e receptor de AGES-1 (AGE-R1) em leucócitos por ensaio imunoenzimático em T0 e T12. Artigo 4: Nós mensuramos o risco para DCNT por índices antropométricos e bioquímicos, modelos de resistência à insulina e índices aterogênicos, além de marcadores de estresse oxidativo e inflamação. Resultados: Artigo 1: A biomassa controlou disfunções intestinais e exerceu efeitos antiobesogênicos, anti-hiperlipidêmicos e antidiabéticos em humanos e animais. Artigo 2: O GB apresentou redução de azia e menor variação de náuseas em relação ao GC. Flatulência diminuiu em T6, mas aumentou em T12 em ambos os grupos. Arrotos e ruídos estomacais aumentaram no GB, sugerindo maior fermentação gástrica. O GC teve melhora transitória das fezes moles e da urgência evacuatória. O GB reduziu precocemente AGCC e apresentou redução de LPS, sugerindo menor endotoxemia metabólica. Artigo 3: Os AGEs reduziram em ambos os grupos, com aumento do delta do receptor solúvel sRAGE no GB, indicando modulação do dano glicativo. Artigo 4: A biomassa diminuiu colesterol total, colesterol não-HDL e índices TyG combinados, marcadores de risco cardiovascular. Mantiveram-se correlações positivas entre índices aterogênicos e biomarcadores antropométricos. O estresse oxidativo e a inflamação apresentaram variações que demandam estudos adicionais. Conclusão: A biomassa de banana verde promoveu melhora da função intestinal, reduziu precocemente os AGCC fecais, atenuou endotoxemia e modulou marcadores do dano glicativo. Além disso, diminuiu fatores de risco cardiovascular, confirmando seu potencial para prevenção e manejo da obesidade e suas comorbidades. Palavras-chave: ácidos graxos de cadeia curta; amido resistente; Dwarf Cavendish; dano glicativo; endotoxemia metabólica; inflamação; risco cardiovascular; sintomas gastrointestinais
Introduction: Obesity favors gastrointestinal dysfunctions and low-grade inflammation that precede non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). Thus, researchers investigate functional potential health benefits of bioactive compounds, such as green banana biomass. Objectives: Article 1: Systematize evidence of the effects of green banana biomass on anthropometric, biochemical, and intestinal markers in humans and animals. Article 2: Evaluate the effects of the biomass on gastrointestinal health, including clinical symptoms, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), fecal pH, intestinal permeability, and metabolic endotoxemia. Article 3: Investigate the impact of biomass consumption on advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their serum/cellular receptors (in peripheral blood mononuclear cells). Article 4: Assessthe effects of the biomass on NCD risk indexes, biochemical variables, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Methods: Article 1: Systematic review on Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases conducted until January 2024, selecting 12 studies published between 2001 and 2021 that evaluated the effect of cooked green banana with or without peel on anthropometric, biochemical, and intestinal variables, following PRISMA guidelines and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Article 2: 12-week double-blind, randomized, parallel clinical trial involving 30 participants in the Biomass Group (BG) and 35 in the Control Group (CG), both receiving 40 g/day (biomass or ripe banana + diet with a 500 kcal caloric deficit). We assessed gastrointestinal symptoms, stool characteristics, fecal SCFAs, fecal pH, intestinal permeability, and metabolic endotoxemia (serum lipopolysaccharide, binding protein, and soluble CD14) at baseline (T0), midpoint (T6), and at the end (T12) of the study. Article 3: We measured serum AGEs and soluble receptors, as well as the expression of the AGE receptor (RAGE) and AGE receptor-1 (AGE-R1) in leukocytes by immunoenzymatic assay at T0 and T12. Article 4: We evaluated NCD risk using anthropometric and biochemical indexes, insulin resistance models, and atherogenic indexes, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation markers. Results: Article 1: Biomass controlled intestinal dysfunctions and demonstrated to have anti- obesogenic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and antidiabetic effects in humans and animals. Article 2: BG reduced heartburn sensation and less variation in nausea compared to CG. Flatulence decreased at T6 but increased at T12 in both groups. Belching and stomach noises increased in the BG, suggesting higher gastric fermentation. CG showed transient improvement in loose stools and evacuation urgency. BG showed early SCFAs reduction and reduced LPS, suggesting lower metabolic endotoxemia. Article 3: AGEs reduced in both groups, with an increased soluble receptor sRAGE delta on BG, indicating modulation of glycation damage. Article 4: Biomass decreased total cholesterol, non- HDL cholesterol, and combined TyG indexes, markers of cardiovascular risk. Positive correlations persisted between atherogenic indexes and anthropometric biomarkers. Oxidative stress and inflammation showed variations that require further study. Conclusion: Green banana biomass improved intestinal function, early reduced fecal SCFAs, attenuated endotoxemia, and modulated glycation damage markers. Additionally, it decreased cardiovascular risk factors, confirming its potential as a functional food for the prevention and management of obesity and its comorbidities. Keywords: advanced glycation damage; cardiovascular risk; endotoxemia; gastrointestinal symptoms; resistant starch; short-chain fatty acids; Dwarf Cavendish; inflammation
Introduction: Obesity favors gastrointestinal dysfunctions and low-grade inflammation that precede non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). Thus, researchers investigate functional potential health benefits of bioactive compounds, such as green banana biomass. Objectives: Article 1: Systematize evidence of the effects of green banana biomass on anthropometric, biochemical, and intestinal markers in humans and animals. Article 2: Evaluate the effects of the biomass on gastrointestinal health, including clinical symptoms, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), fecal pH, intestinal permeability, and metabolic endotoxemia. Article 3: Investigate the impact of biomass consumption on advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their serum/cellular receptors (in peripheral blood mononuclear cells). Article 4: Assessthe effects of the biomass on NCD risk indexes, biochemical variables, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Methods: Article 1: Systematic review on Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases conducted until January 2024, selecting 12 studies published between 2001 and 2021 that evaluated the effect of cooked green banana with or without peel on anthropometric, biochemical, and intestinal variables, following PRISMA guidelines and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Article 2: 12-week double-blind, randomized, parallel clinical trial involving 30 participants in the Biomass Group (BG) and 35 in the Control Group (CG), both receiving 40 g/day (biomass or ripe banana + diet with a 500 kcal caloric deficit). We assessed gastrointestinal symptoms, stool characteristics, fecal SCFAs, fecal pH, intestinal permeability, and metabolic endotoxemia (serum lipopolysaccharide, binding protein, and soluble CD14) at baseline (T0), midpoint (T6), and at the end (T12) of the study. Article 3: We measured serum AGEs and soluble receptors, as well as the expression of the AGE receptor (RAGE) and AGE receptor-1 (AGE-R1) in leukocytes by immunoenzymatic assay at T0 and T12. Article 4: We evaluated NCD risk using anthropometric and biochemical indexes, insulin resistance models, and atherogenic indexes, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation markers. Results: Article 1: Biomass controlled intestinal dysfunctions and demonstrated to have anti- obesogenic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and antidiabetic effects in humans and animals. Article 2: BG reduced heartburn sensation and less variation in nausea compared to CG. Flatulence decreased at T6 but increased at T12 in both groups. Belching and stomach noises increased in the BG, suggesting higher gastric fermentation. CG showed transient improvement in loose stools and evacuation urgency. BG showed early SCFAs reduction and reduced LPS, suggesting lower metabolic endotoxemia. Article 3: AGEs reduced in both groups, with an increased soluble receptor sRAGE delta on BG, indicating modulation of glycation damage. Article 4: Biomass decreased total cholesterol, non- HDL cholesterol, and combined TyG indexes, markers of cardiovascular risk. Positive correlations persisted between atherogenic indexes and anthropometric biomarkers. Oxidative stress and inflammation showed variations that require further study. Conclusion: Green banana biomass improved intestinal function, early reduced fecal SCFAs, attenuated endotoxemia, and modulated glycation damage markers. Additionally, it decreased cardiovascular risk factors, confirming its potential as a functional food for the prevention and management of obesity and its comorbidities. Keywords: advanced glycation damage; cardiovascular risk; endotoxemia; gastrointestinal symptoms; resistant starch; short-chain fatty acids; Dwarf Cavendish; inflammation
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BOMFIM, Natália da Silva. Efeito da biomassa de banana verde associada a dieta restrita em calorias na saúde gastrointestinal e em marcadores de risco cardiomatabólico, em adultos com excesso de gordura corporal. 2025. 268 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência da Nutrição) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
