Assistência Técnica para Habitação de Interesse Social (ATHIS) no Brasil: um olhar reflexivo sobre a lei, as práticas, os atores e a participação
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A pesquisa aborda o tema da Assistência Técnica para Habitação de Interesse Social (ATHIS), no que se refere às suas práticas e implementação. É possível perceber, nos últimos anos, um aumento no número de trabalhos sobre o assunto no meio acadêmico, assim como o aumento das diversas ações de ATHIS promovidas por diferentes atores. No entanto, a normativa vem sendo criticada por sua ineficácia na promoção de moradia digna para comunidades vulneráveis, assim como há uma gama muito diversa de ações envolvendo o tema. A partir dessas observações, surge o seguinte questionamento: de que maneira a ampliação das interpretações da Lei da ATHIS e a consequente diversificação das ações de ATHIS impactam a fidelidade aos objetivos centrais da lei? Para responder a essa questão, adota-se a hipótese de que a crescente diversidade de ações atribuídas à assistência técnica para habitação, incentivada pelo aumento da visibilidade do tema e flexibilidade de interpretação da lei, gerada por sua estrutura ampla e genérica, produz iniciativas que nem sempre mantêm fidelidade aos objetivos centrais da lei da ATHIS, ou seja, a assistência técnica. Como consequência, essas ações podem estar desviando o foco e recursos de iniciativas que priorizam a assistência técnica para comunidades vulneráveis no que se refere aos objetivos principais da lei. Assim, o objetivo geral da pesquisa consiste em compreender, de modo analítico e reflexivo, a implementação da ATHIS no Brasil, explorando as diferentes ações desenvolvidas e a conformidade dessas ações com os objetivos previstos pela lei. Para isso, a metodologia adotada baseia-se em revisões de literatura e pesquisas documentais, sobre os temas da ATHIS, nos âmbitos de suas fundamentações e práticas, assim como os processos de projeto participativos. Além disso, adota-se um estudo de campo no qual foram realizados questionários e entrevistas com atores envolvidos, na prática, com as questões de assistência técnica. Com isso, foi possível compreender seus pontos de vista, tanto sobre a lei em si como quanto às ações desenvolvidas atualmente e sua relação com o que é posto pela normativa. Palavras-chave: ATHIS; assistência técnica; assessoria técnica; projeto participativo; habitação de interesse social.
This research addresses the topic of Technical Assistance for Social Housing (ATHIS), focusing on its practices and implementation. In recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in academic work on the subject, as well as a growing number of ATHIS-related initiatives promoted by various actors. However, the legislation has been criticized for its inefficacy in promoting adequate housing for vulnerable communities, and there exists a wide variety of actions associated with the theme. From these observations emerges the following question: how does the broadening of interpretations of the ATHIS Law, and the resulting diversification of ATHIS initiatives, affect fidelity to the law’s core objectives? To address this question, the research adopts the hypothesis that the growing diversity of actions labeled as technical assistance for housing, encouraged by increased visibility of the topic and the interpretive flexibility allowed by the law’s broad and generic structure, has led to initiatives that do not always remain faithful to the fundamental goals of the ATHIS legislation, namely, technical assistance. As a consequence, such actions may be diverting focus and resources away from initiatives that prioritize technical assistance for vulnerable communities in line with the law’s primary objectives. Thus, the general objective of this research is to analytically and reflectively understand the implementation of ATHIS in Brazil, exploring the various actions undertaken and the extent to which they align with the objectives established by law. The methodology adopted includes literature review and documentary research on ATHIS-related themes, addressing both its theoretical foundations and practical applications, as well as participatory design processes. Additionally, an empirical component was undertaken, involving questionnaires and interviews with actors directly engaged in technical assistance practices. This approach enabled a better understanding of their perspectives, both on the law itself and on current initiatives, and how these relate to the normative framework. Keywords: ATHIS; technical assistance; technical advisory; participatory design; social housing.
This research addresses the topic of Technical Assistance for Social Housing (ATHIS), focusing on its practices and implementation. In recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in academic work on the subject, as well as a growing number of ATHIS-related initiatives promoted by various actors. However, the legislation has been criticized for its inefficacy in promoting adequate housing for vulnerable communities, and there exists a wide variety of actions associated with the theme. From these observations emerges the following question: how does the broadening of interpretations of the ATHIS Law, and the resulting diversification of ATHIS initiatives, affect fidelity to the law’s core objectives? To address this question, the research adopts the hypothesis that the growing diversity of actions labeled as technical assistance for housing, encouraged by increased visibility of the topic and the interpretive flexibility allowed by the law’s broad and generic structure, has led to initiatives that do not always remain faithful to the fundamental goals of the ATHIS legislation, namely, technical assistance. As a consequence, such actions may be diverting focus and resources away from initiatives that prioritize technical assistance for vulnerable communities in line with the law’s primary objectives. Thus, the general objective of this research is to analytically and reflectively understand the implementation of ATHIS in Brazil, exploring the various actions undertaken and the extent to which they align with the objectives established by law. The methodology adopted includes literature review and documentary research on ATHIS-related themes, addressing both its theoretical foundations and practical applications, as well as participatory design processes. Additionally, an empirical component was undertaken, involving questionnaires and interviews with actors directly engaged in technical assistance practices. This approach enabled a better understanding of their perspectives, both on the law itself and on current initiatives, and how these relate to the normative framework. Keywords: ATHIS; technical assistance; technical advisory; participatory design; social housing.
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ZANCANELI, Mariana Alves. Assistência Técnica para Habitação de Interesse Social (ATHIS) no Brasil: um olhar reflexivo sobre a lei, as práticas, os atores e a participação. 2025. 274 f. Tese (Doutorado em Arquitetura e Urbanismo) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
