Estudo citogenômico de DNA satélites em abelhas das tribos Meliponini e Bombini: uma perspectiva evolutiva
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A heterocromatina é rica em sequências repetitivas, como DNA satélite (satDNA) e elementos transponíveis. As novas ferramentas de bioinformática têm auxiliado na identificação dessas sequências, permitindo um estudo mais detalhado de suas características. Aliando ferramentas da bioinformática, como o RepeatExplorer2, às técnicas de citogenética molecular, como a Hibridização in situ Fluorescente (FISH), avaliamos espécies das tribos Meliponini e Bombini com o objetivo de ampliar o entendimento sobre o papel e a evolução dessas sequências nesses grupos. Estudos recentes com Meliponini mostraram que a heterocromatina é constituída por uma família de satDNA que predomina sobre os outros satélites. Devido a isso, as análises de citogenética molecular foram feitas utilizando o satDNA mais abundante como referência. No Capítulo I, realizamos uma análise citogenômica de Frieseomelitta varia e avaliamos o compartilhamento do satDNA mais abundante dessa espécie com outras do mesmo gênero e de 13 gêneros adicionais de Meliponini. Nosso objetivo foi caracterizar o satelitoma de F. varia e verificar se seu satDNA mais abundante é compartilhado com outras abelhas. Constatamos que o satDNA FvraSat01-306 é o mais abundante no genoma de F. varia e está presente em 10 das 17 espécies analisadas, localizando-se principalmente na região centromérica. No Capítulo II, sequenciamos e analisamos o genoma de quatro espécies do gênero Partamona para caracterizar seus satelitomas e compreender como o satDNA mais abundante está distribuído nos cromossomos. Também investigamos sua participação na constituição dos cromossomos B de P. helleri em diferentes populações, buscando contribuir para o entendimento da origem e composição desses cromossomos, bem como para esclarecer as relações filogenéticas do grupo. Verificamos que, qualitativamente, os genomas das espécies de Partamona são semelhantes, mas quantitativamente, espécies do clado A apresentam menor teor de satDNA em comparação às do clado B. Além disso, nossas análises mostraram que o satDNA PartamonaSat01-316 ocupa principalmente as regiões de heterocromatina centromérica e pericentromérica, sendo o principal constituinte dos cromossomos B observados em algumas populações. No Capítulo III, analisamos o satelitoma de seis espécies do gênero Bombus, com o objetivo de caracterizá-lo e verificar se a biblioteca dessas espécies de Bombus segue os padrões observados em Meliponini. Nossos resultados mostraram que o satelitoma das espécies de Bombus contém 100 famílias de satDNAs, sendo a maioria compartilhada entre as seis espécies. A maioria desses satDNAs possui mais de 50% de AT, sendo os maiores percentuais de AT observados entre os não compartilhados. Em geral, o satelitoma é composto predominantemente por uma família de satDNA e a variação na biblioteca de uma espécie se dá mais em termos quantitativos do que qualitativos uma vez que a maioria dos satDNA são compartilhados. Palavras-chave: Genoma; DNA repetitivo; RepeatExplorer; Citogenética
Heterochromatin is rich in repetitive sequences such as satellite DNA (satDNA) and transposable elements. New bioinformatics tools have facilitated the identification of these sequences, allowing for a more detailed study of their characteristics. By combining bioinformatics tools, such as RepeatExplorer2, with molecular cytogenetics techniques like Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH), we analyzed species from the Meliponini and Bombini tribes to expand our understanding of the role and evolution of these sequences within these groups. Recent studies on Meliponini have shown that heterochromatin is composed of a dominant satDNA family that prevails over other satellite sequences. Consequently, molecular cytogenetic analyses were performed using the most abundant satDNA as a reference. In Chapter I, we conducted a cytogenomic analysis of Frieseomelitta varia and evaluated the sharing of its most abundant satDNA with other species of the same genus and with 13 additional genera of Meliponini. Our goal was to characterize the satellitome of F. varia and determine whether its most abundant satDNA is shared among other bee species. We found that FvraSat01-306 is the most abundant satDNA in the genome of F. varia and is present in 10 out of the 17 species analyzed, predominantly located in the centromeric region. In Chapter II, we sequenced and analyzed the genome of four species from the genus Partamona to characterize their satellitomes and understand how their most abundant satDNA is distributed across chromosomes. We also investigated its role in the composition of B chromosomes in P. helleri from different populations, aiming to contribute to the understanding of the origin and structure of these chromosomes, as well as to clarify the phylogenetic relationships within the group. We observed that, qualitatively, the genomes of Partamona species are similar; however, quantitatively, species from clade A have a lower satDNA content compared to those from clade B. Furthermore, our analyses revealed that PartamonaSat01-316 is primarily located in centromeric and pericentromeric heterochromatin regions and is the main constituent of the B chromosomes observed in some populations. In Chapter III, we analyzed the satellitome of six species from the genus Bombus with the aim of characterizing it and assessing whether their satDNA library follows patterns observed in Meliponini. Our results showed that the satellitome of Bombus species comprises 100 satDNA families, most of which are shared among the six species. The majority of these satDNAs have an AT content above 50%, with the highest AT percentages found in the non-shared families. Overall, the satellitome is predominantly composed of a single satDNA family, and variation within a species library occurs more at the quantitative than qualitative level, since most satDNAs are shared among species. Keywords: Genome; Repetitive DNA; RepeatExplorer; Cytogenetics.
Heterochromatin is rich in repetitive sequences such as satellite DNA (satDNA) and transposable elements. New bioinformatics tools have facilitated the identification of these sequences, allowing for a more detailed study of their characteristics. By combining bioinformatics tools, such as RepeatExplorer2, with molecular cytogenetics techniques like Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH), we analyzed species from the Meliponini and Bombini tribes to expand our understanding of the role and evolution of these sequences within these groups. Recent studies on Meliponini have shown that heterochromatin is composed of a dominant satDNA family that prevails over other satellite sequences. Consequently, molecular cytogenetic analyses were performed using the most abundant satDNA as a reference. In Chapter I, we conducted a cytogenomic analysis of Frieseomelitta varia and evaluated the sharing of its most abundant satDNA with other species of the same genus and with 13 additional genera of Meliponini. Our goal was to characterize the satellitome of F. varia and determine whether its most abundant satDNA is shared among other bee species. We found that FvraSat01-306 is the most abundant satDNA in the genome of F. varia and is present in 10 out of the 17 species analyzed, predominantly located in the centromeric region. In Chapter II, we sequenced and analyzed the genome of four species from the genus Partamona to characterize their satellitomes and understand how their most abundant satDNA is distributed across chromosomes. We also investigated its role in the composition of B chromosomes in P. helleri from different populations, aiming to contribute to the understanding of the origin and structure of these chromosomes, as well as to clarify the phylogenetic relationships within the group. We observed that, qualitatively, the genomes of Partamona species are similar; however, quantitatively, species from clade A have a lower satDNA content compared to those from clade B. Furthermore, our analyses revealed that PartamonaSat01-316 is primarily located in centromeric and pericentromeric heterochromatin regions and is the main constituent of the B chromosomes observed in some populations. In Chapter III, we analyzed the satellitome of six species from the genus Bombus with the aim of characterizing it and assessing whether their satDNA library follows patterns observed in Meliponini. Our results showed that the satellitome of Bombus species comprises 100 satDNA families, most of which are shared among the six species. The majority of these satDNAs have an AT content above 50%, with the highest AT percentages found in the non-shared families. Overall, the satellitome is predominantly composed of a single satDNA family, and variation within a species library occurs more at the quantitative than qualitative level, since most satDNAs are shared among species. Keywords: Genome; Repetitive DNA; RepeatExplorer; Cytogenetics.
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VIGNATI, Zulemara Boldrini Manhago. Estudo citogenômico de DNA satélites em abelhas das tribos Meliponini e Bombini: uma perspectiva evolutiva. 2025. 93 f. Tese (Doutorado em Biologia Celular e Estrutural) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
