Qualidade de vida e sentidos do viver de idosos urbanos e rurais: uma abordagem na perspectiva de Viktor Frankl
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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Introdução: A qualidade de vida na velhice abrange aspectos físicos, psicológicos, sociais e ambientais, que são fundamentais para alcançar o envelhecimento saudável. A pesquisa parte do pressuposto de que, entender essas relações, é possível identificar fatores que influenciam o viver, o adoecer e manter-se saudável dos idosos em diferentes ambientes. A partir disso, adota-se a teoria de Viktor Frankl, centrada na busca do sentido da vida, para compreender a vivência desses indivíduos. Objetivo(s): Compreender as relações entre qualidade de vida do idoso no contexto rural e urbano sobre a perspectiva da teoria de Viktor Frankl. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, exploratório, de natureza qualitativa realizado no primeiro semestre de 2024 no município de Coimbra situado na Zona da Mata, região Sudeste de Minas Gerais. O estudo foi desenvolvido junto aos idosos cadastrados nas Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) do município na faixa etária de 75 a 80 anos de idade. Os dados foram coletados por meio de uma entrevista gravada através de um roteiro semiestruturado sobre a percepção da qualidade de vida no decorrer do envelhecimento. Para a obtenção dos dados foi utilizado a técnica de análise de conteúdo proposto por Bardin (1997) e analisados à luz da logoterapia de Viktor Emil Frankl, buscando compreender o sentido atribuído pelos idosos à sua experiencia de vida. Resultados: Da análise emergiram cinco categorias centrais: “Qualidade de vida em idosos: bem-estar e a construção de um sentido para viver; “Funcionalidade e autonomia: o sentido de agir com liberdade”; “Sentidos do envelhecimento: entre a consciência do tempo e conquistas não realizadas”; “Uso de medicamentos, condições de saúde e a percepção de sentido na vida dos idosos; “Necessidades e aspirações dos idosos: O desejo como sentido”. Observou-se associação entre, saúde, qualidade de vida, autonomia, funcionalidade e relações familiares e sociais. Conclusão: À luz da teoria de Viktor Frankl, a qualidade de vida na velhice vai além da ausência de doenças, envolvendo vivência de propósito e significado. A perda de habilidades exige ressignificação da identidade, mas também proporciona adaptação e bem-estar. No estudo, não houve diferenças significativas entre idosos urbanos e rurais. No meio rural, a conexão com a natureza e as atividades reforçam o senso de pertencimento, apesar das dificuldades de acesso a serviços. No urbano, a maior oferta de recursos nem sempre garante satisfação, especialmente com fragilidade nas redes de apoio. Para promover a qualidade de vida na velhice, é essencial considerar não apenas o local, mas a trajetória de vida. A ampliação das redes de suporte, o fortalecimento da saúde e a criação de espaços que valorizem a voz dos idosos são fundamentais para que o fluxo de suas vidas continue com plenitude e significado. Palavras-chave: idosos; envelhecimento; qualidade de vida; saúde; viktor frankl; bem-estar; sentido da vida
Introduction: Quality of life in old age encompasses physical, psychological, social and environmental aspects, which are fundamental to achieving healthy ageing. The research is based on the assumption that by understanding these relationships, it is possible to identify factors that influence the living, getting sick and staying healthy of the elderly in different environments. Based on this, Viktor Frankl's theory, centered on the search for the meaning of life, is adopted to understand the experience of these individuals. Objective(s): To understand the relationship between the quality of life of the elderly in rural and urban contexts from the perspective of Viktor Frankl's theory. Methods: A descriptive, exploratory, qualitative study carried out in the first half of 2024 in the municipality of Coimbra, located in the Zona da Mata, in the southeastern region of Minas Gerais. The study was carried out with elderly people registered at the municipality's Family Health Units (USF), aged between 75 and 80. The data was collected by means of a recorded interview using a semi-structured script on the perception of quality of life during ageing. To obtain the data, the content analysis technique proposed by Bardin (1997) was used and analyzed in the light of Viktor Emil Frankl's logotherapy, seeking to understand the meaning attributed by the elderly to their life experience. Results: Five central categories emerged from the analysis: "Quality of life in the elderly: well-being and the construction of a meaning to live; " Functionality and autonomy: the sense of acting with freedom"; "Meanings of aging: between the awareness of time and unrealized achievements"; "Use of medications, health conditions and the perception of meaning in the lives of the elderly; " Needs and aspirations of the elderly: Desire as meaning". An association was observed between health, quality of life, autonomy, functionality and family and social relationships. Conclusion: In the light of Viktor Frankl's theory, quality of life in old age goes beyond the absence of diseases, involving the experience of purpose and meaning. The loss of skills requires a redefinition of identity, but it also provides adaptation and well-being. In the study, there were no significant differences between urban and rural older adults. In rural areas, the connection with nature and activities reinforce the sense of belonging, despite the difficulties in accessing services. In the urban world, the greater supply of resources does not always guarantee satisfaction, especially with fragility in the support networks. To promote quality of life in old age, it is essential to consider not only the place, but the life trajectory. The expansion of support networks, the strengthening of health and the creation of spaces that value the voice of the elderly are fundamental for the flow of their lives to continue with fullness and meaning. Keywords: elderly; aging; quality of life; health; viktor frankl; well-being; meaning of life
Introduction: Quality of life in old age encompasses physical, psychological, social and environmental aspects, which are fundamental to achieving healthy ageing. The research is based on the assumption that by understanding these relationships, it is possible to identify factors that influence the living, getting sick and staying healthy of the elderly in different environments. Based on this, Viktor Frankl's theory, centered on the search for the meaning of life, is adopted to understand the experience of these individuals. Objective(s): To understand the relationship between the quality of life of the elderly in rural and urban contexts from the perspective of Viktor Frankl's theory. Methods: A descriptive, exploratory, qualitative study carried out in the first half of 2024 in the municipality of Coimbra, located in the Zona da Mata, in the southeastern region of Minas Gerais. The study was carried out with elderly people registered at the municipality's Family Health Units (USF), aged between 75 and 80. The data was collected by means of a recorded interview using a semi-structured script on the perception of quality of life during ageing. To obtain the data, the content analysis technique proposed by Bardin (1997) was used and analyzed in the light of Viktor Emil Frankl's logotherapy, seeking to understand the meaning attributed by the elderly to their life experience. Results: Five central categories emerged from the analysis: "Quality of life in the elderly: well-being and the construction of a meaning to live; " Functionality and autonomy: the sense of acting with freedom"; "Meanings of aging: between the awareness of time and unrealized achievements"; "Use of medications, health conditions and the perception of meaning in the lives of the elderly; " Needs and aspirations of the elderly: Desire as meaning". An association was observed between health, quality of life, autonomy, functionality and family and social relationships. Conclusion: In the light of Viktor Frankl's theory, quality of life in old age goes beyond the absence of diseases, involving the experience of purpose and meaning. The loss of skills requires a redefinition of identity, but it also provides adaptation and well-being. In the study, there were no significant differences between urban and rural older adults. In rural areas, the connection with nature and activities reinforce the sense of belonging, despite the difficulties in accessing services. In the urban world, the greater supply of resources does not always guarantee satisfaction, especially with fragility in the support networks. To promote quality of life in old age, it is essential to consider not only the place, but the life trajectory. The expansion of support networks, the strengthening of health and the creation of spaces that value the voice of the elderly are fundamental for the flow of their lives to continue with fullness and meaning. Keywords: elderly; aging; quality of life; health; viktor frankl; well-being; meaning of life
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SILVA, Isabela Suelen Pereira da. Qualidade de vida e sentidos do viver de idosos urbanos e rurais: uma abordagem na perspectiva de Viktor Frankl. 2025. 124 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Ciências da Saúde) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
