Dinâmica do desempenho industrial brasileiro: perspectivas espaciais do processo de desindustrialização
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Esta dissertação investigou indícios de desindustrialização no Brasil, analisando os efeitos da pandemia e a estrutura das microrregiões por meio do método diferencial- estrutural, dos indicadores quociente locacional e complexidade. O estudo examinou a evolução do emprego industrial entre 2017-2019 e 2019-2021 utilizando o método diferencial-estrutural, e avaliou as características espaciais no desenvolvimento industrial através de análises exploratórias e econometria espacial, considerando os anos de 2006 a 2021. Os resultados da análise exploratória apontam para uma concentração da produção industrial em setores de média e baixa tecnologia, com desafios no avanço de setores de alta tecnologia em regiões específicas. Identificou- se disparidades regionais acentuadas, especialmente entre o Sudeste e as regiões Norte e Nordeste, discutidas no contexto da pandemia. Observou-se sinais de resiliência em microrregiões com maior diversificação e complexidade produtiva. O modelo espacial revelou sinais de desindustrialização por fatores regionais e estruturais, como crises internas, influência do setor de serviços, baixa especialização em atividades de alta intensidade tecnológica, além de fatores macroeconômicos, como variações na taxa de câmbio. Sugere-se que políticas públicas focadas em diversificação setorial, especialização de mão de obra, redução de custos e investimento em tecnologia podem auxiliar na reversão da desindustrialização e impulsionar a competitividade da indústria nacional. A análise aponta o potencial de microrregiões para liderar um crescimento equilibrado e sustentável, desde que respeitadas suas especificidades locais, criando oportunidades para superar as vulnerabilidades estruturais e fomentar o desenvolvimento econômico regional. Palavras-chave: Desindustrialização, Capacidades tecnológicas, Inovação, Resiliência.
This dissertation investigated evidence of deindustrialization in Brazil, analyzing the effects of the pandemic and the structure of microregions through the shift-share method, location quotient, and complexity indicators. The study examined the evolution of industrial employment between 2017-2019 and 2019-2021 using the shift-share method and assessed the spatial characteristics of industrial development through exploratory analyses and spatial econometrics, considering the years 2006 to 2021. The results of the exploratory analysis indicate a concentration of industrial production in medium- and low-technology sectors, with challenges in advancing high-technology sectors in specific regions. Significant regional disparities were identified, particularly between the Southeast and the North and Northeast regions, discussed in the context of the pandemic. Signs of resilience were observed in microregions with greater diversification and productive complexity. The spatial model revealed signs of deindustrialization due to regional and structural factors, such as internal crises, the influence of the service sector, low specialization in high- intensity technological activities, and macroeconomic factors such as exchange rate fluctuations. It is suggested that public policies focused on sectoral diversification, workforce specialization, cost reduction, and investment in technology could help reverse deindustrialization and boost the competitiveness of the national industry. The analysis highlights the potential of microregions to lead balanced and sustainable growth, provided their local specificities are respected, creating opportunities to overcome structural vulnerabilities and foster regional economic development. Keywords: Deindustrialization, Technological capabilities, Innovation, Resilience.
This dissertation investigated evidence of deindustrialization in Brazil, analyzing the effects of the pandemic and the structure of microregions through the shift-share method, location quotient, and complexity indicators. The study examined the evolution of industrial employment between 2017-2019 and 2019-2021 using the shift-share method and assessed the spatial characteristics of industrial development through exploratory analyses and spatial econometrics, considering the years 2006 to 2021. The results of the exploratory analysis indicate a concentration of industrial production in medium- and low-technology sectors, with challenges in advancing high-technology sectors in specific regions. Significant regional disparities were identified, particularly between the Southeast and the North and Northeast regions, discussed in the context of the pandemic. Signs of resilience were observed in microregions with greater diversification and productive complexity. The spatial model revealed signs of deindustrialization due to regional and structural factors, such as internal crises, the influence of the service sector, low specialization in high- intensity technological activities, and macroeconomic factors such as exchange rate fluctuations. It is suggested that public policies focused on sectoral diversification, workforce specialization, cost reduction, and investment in technology could help reverse deindustrialization and boost the competitiveness of the national industry. The analysis highlights the potential of microregions to lead balanced and sustainable growth, provided their local specificities are respected, creating opportunities to overcome structural vulnerabilities and foster regional economic development. Keywords: Deindustrialization, Technological capabilities, Innovation, Resilience.
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HENRIQUES, Marcio Júlio Pereira. Dinâmica do desempenho industrial brasileiro: perspectivas espaciais do processo de desindustrialização. 2025. 83 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Economia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
