Protease em dietas sem ou com redução proteica para leitões sobre o desempenho, saúde intestinal e digestibilidade de aminoácidos
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Dois experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliar o efeito da inclusão de protease em dietas sem e com redução de proteína em leitões desmamados, considerando desempenho, saúde intestinal e digestibilidade de aminoácidos. No Experimento I, 270 leitões foram distribuídos em blocos ao acaso com seis tratamentos: CP (dieta controle com farelo de soja a 17%, 24% e 30% nas fases de 21 a 63 dias), CP+PP (CP com Protease Protein Plux CX), CNA e CNB (dietas com reduções de 1,0% e 1,5% de proteína bruta e aminoácidos, respectivamente), CNB+PP (CNB com Protease Protein Plux CX) e CNB+EC (CNB com Protease Comercial). Aos 32 dias, amostras intestinais foram coletadas para análise. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e teste de Tukey foram aplicados, com comparações ao CP usando o teste de Dunnett (P=0,05). Leitões no grupo CP+PP apresentaram maior ganho de peso, consumo médio diário de ração e melhor conversão alimentar comparados ao CNB+PP (P<0,05). Dietas CNB+PP resultaram em menor peso final, menor consumo de ração e conversão alimentar inferior ao CP (P<0,05). Na fase de 32 a 39 dias, houve menor incidência de diarreia em CNB+PP e menores escores fecais em CNB+PP e CNB+EC frente ao CP (P<0,05). Não houve efeito significativo sobre a altura dos vilos e profundidade das criptas no jejuno e íleo, mas leitões CP+PP tiveram maior relação vilo:cripta no jejuno (P<0,05). No íleo, altura de vilos foi superior em CP comparado a CNB+EC (P<0,05). Leitões CP+PP e CNA apresentaram maior expressão de IL-6, TNF-alfa e haptoglobina no jejuno. No Experimento II, 12 leitões machos castrados, equipados com cânula T no íleo foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em blocos repetidos no tempo, composto por 3 tratamentos (Tabela 13): TI : Dieta 30% farelo de soja - FS, T2: Dieta 30% farelo de soja + Protein Plux CX – FS+PP e T3: Dieta isenta de proteína – DIP. Cada tratamento consistiu em 4 repetições, 2 blocos repetidos no tempo, considerando cada animal como unidade experimental. As médias foram comparadas por ANOVA considerando o teste F. A adição da protease PP em dieta com FS aumentou a digestibilidade ileal aparente (DIA) e a digestibilidade ileal estandardizada (DIE) de Metionina + Cisteína (Met+Cis), Cisteína e Triptofano, enquanto reduziu a DIA e a DIE de Glicina e Prolina (P<0.05). Conclui-se que a adição da protease PP em dietas com níveis nutricionais adequados promove benefícios na conversão alimentar e nos parâmetros de saúde intestinal dos leitões. Entretanto, sua inclusão em dietas com redução de 1,5% de PB e AAs não foi capaz de garantir o mesmo desempenho. A adição de protease PP melhora a digestibilidade ileal de Met+Cis, Cisteína e Triptofano, ao passo que reduz a digestibilidade de Prolina e Glicina. Palavras-chave: desempenho. digestibilidade. enzima. protease. suínos.
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of protease inclusion in diets without and with protein reduction for weaned piglets, considering performance, intestinal health, and amino acid digestibility. In Experiment I, 270 piglets were randomly distributed in blocks with six treatments: CP (control diet with soybean meal at 17%, 24%, and 30% for phases from 21 to 63 days), CP+PP (CP with Protease Protein Plux CX), CNA and CNB (diets with reductions of 1.0% and 1.5% crude protein and amino acids, respectively), CNB+PP (CNB with Protease Protein Plux CX), and CNB+EC (CNB with Commercial Protease). At 32 days, intestinal samples were collected for analysis. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and the Tukey test was applied, with comparisons to CP using the Dunnett test (P=0.05). Piglets in the CP+PP group showed higher weight gain, average daily feed intake, and better feed conversion compared to CNB+PP (P<0.05). Diets CNB+PP resulted in lower final weight, reduced feed intake, and inferior feed conversion compared to CP (P<0.05). In the 32 to 39-day phase, there was a lower incidence of diarrhea in CNB+PP and lower fecal scores in CNB+PP and CNB+EC compared to CP (P<0.05). No significant effect was observed on villus height or crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum, but piglets in CP+PP showed a higher villus-to-crypt ratio in the jejunum (P<0.05). In the ileum, villus height was greater in CP compared to CNB+EC (P<0.05). Piglets in CP+PP and CNA had higher expression of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and haptoglobin in the jejunum. In Experiment II, 12 castrated male piglets equipped with T-cannulas in the ileum were randomly distributed in time-repeated blocks, consisting of three treatments: TI: Diet with 30% soybean meal - FS, T2: Diet with 30% soybean meal + Protein Plux CX – FS+PP, and T3: Protein-free diet – DIP. Each treatment consisted of four replicates, two blocks repeated over time, with each animal considered an experimental unit. Means were compared by ANOVA considering the F test. The addition of PP protease in a diet with FS increased the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of Methionine + Cysteine (Met+Cys), Cysteine, and Tryptophan, while it reduced the AID and SID of Glycine and Proline (P<0.05). In conclusion, the addition of PP protease in diets with adequate nutritional levels promotes benefits in feed conversion and intestinal health parameters in piglets. However, its inclusion in diets with a 1.5% reduction in CP and AAs did not ensure the same performance. The addition of PP protease improves the ileal digestibility of Met+Cys, Cysteine, and Tryptophan while reducing the digestibility of Proline and Glycine. Keywords: digestibility. enzyme. performance. pigs. protease.
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of protease inclusion in diets without and with protein reduction for weaned piglets, considering performance, intestinal health, and amino acid digestibility. In Experiment I, 270 piglets were randomly distributed in blocks with six treatments: CP (control diet with soybean meal at 17%, 24%, and 30% for phases from 21 to 63 days), CP+PP (CP with Protease Protein Plux CX), CNA and CNB (diets with reductions of 1.0% and 1.5% crude protein and amino acids, respectively), CNB+PP (CNB with Protease Protein Plux CX), and CNB+EC (CNB with Commercial Protease). At 32 days, intestinal samples were collected for analysis. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and the Tukey test was applied, with comparisons to CP using the Dunnett test (P=0.05). Piglets in the CP+PP group showed higher weight gain, average daily feed intake, and better feed conversion compared to CNB+PP (P<0.05). Diets CNB+PP resulted in lower final weight, reduced feed intake, and inferior feed conversion compared to CP (P<0.05). In the 32 to 39-day phase, there was a lower incidence of diarrhea in CNB+PP and lower fecal scores in CNB+PP and CNB+EC compared to CP (P<0.05). No significant effect was observed on villus height or crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum, but piglets in CP+PP showed a higher villus-to-crypt ratio in the jejunum (P<0.05). In the ileum, villus height was greater in CP compared to CNB+EC (P<0.05). Piglets in CP+PP and CNA had higher expression of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and haptoglobin in the jejunum. In Experiment II, 12 castrated male piglets equipped with T-cannulas in the ileum were randomly distributed in time-repeated blocks, consisting of three treatments: TI: Diet with 30% soybean meal - FS, T2: Diet with 30% soybean meal + Protein Plux CX – FS+PP, and T3: Protein-free diet – DIP. Each treatment consisted of four replicates, two blocks repeated over time, with each animal considered an experimental unit. Means were compared by ANOVA considering the F test. The addition of PP protease in a diet with FS increased the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of Methionine + Cysteine (Met+Cys), Cysteine, and Tryptophan, while it reduced the AID and SID of Glycine and Proline (P<0.05). In conclusion, the addition of PP protease in diets with adequate nutritional levels promotes benefits in feed conversion and intestinal health parameters in piglets. However, its inclusion in diets with a 1.5% reduction in CP and AAs did not ensure the same performance. The addition of PP protease improves the ileal digestibility of Met+Cys, Cysteine, and Tryptophan while reducing the digestibility of Proline and Glycine. Keywords: digestibility. enzyme. performance. pigs. protease.
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FURLANI, Nathana Rudio. Protease em dietas sem ou com redução proteica para leitões sobre o desempenho, saúde intestinal e digestibilidade de aminoácidos. 2024. 50 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
