Percepção da imagem corporal, estado nutricional e comportamento alimentar de risco para transtorno alimentar em graduandas de nutrição
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Existe uma exigência, por parte da sociedade, sobre o estereótipo que recai em um padrão de corpo para o profissional da área da nutrição, que pode contribuir para adoção de comportamentos de risco. Estudos que avaliam diversos fatores e sua inter-relação com o Transtorno Alimentar (TA), nesse público, são poucos. Neste sentido, este estudo objetivou avaliar a associação de fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentais, antropométricos e de autopercepção corporal com o risco de TA em graduandas de nutrição, bem como a relação que este público estabelece com o corpo e o alimento. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de caráter quantitativo e qualitativo, com 138 mulheres adultas, de dois campus de uma instituição pública de ensino superior do estado de Minas Gerais. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário on-line, contendo: dados sociodemográficos e antropométricos; questionário Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-8B); questionário Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26); questionário do Vigitel sobre frequência do consumo de alimentos marcadores do consumo alimentar; questões não-diretivas para verificar sensações, sentimentos e emoções em relação ao corpo e ao ato de alimentar; e os argumentos atribuídos às atitudes alimentares em prol do corpo desejado. As associações foram verificadas por meio do teste qui-quadrado de Pearson. Foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson bruta e ajustada para estimar as razões de prevalências (RP) de EAT+ (triagem positiva para risco de TA), com seus intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%), a fim de verificar os fatores associados ao risco de TA. As variáveis foram incluídas em blocos na modelagem hierarquizada. A frequência de EAT+ foi de 31,2% e a de insatisfação com a imagem corporal foi de 75,4%. Após ajuste por potenciais fatores de confusão, a prevalência de EAT+ foi maior naquelas com idade entre 25 e 29 anos (RP: 3,0; IC95%:1,7-5,1); com consumo de bebida alcoólica (RP: 2,5; IC95%: 1,3-4,9); com insatisfação corporal moderada (RP: 6,6; IC95%: 1,9-23,6); e com insatisfação corporal acentuada (RP: 8,9; IC95%: 2,2-35,1). A influência que a corporatura e o corporar exercem na relação das graduandas com a alimentação foi evidenciada de diversas maneiras, seja nos desafios de se sentir obrigada a ser esteticamente perfeita; na autoculpabilização atribuída ao tipo e a quantidade de alimentos consumidos; no refúgio alimentar por sobrecarga de atividades acadêmicas; no receio de se alimentar em público; na restrição do alimento exposto no prato; e, por renegar um corpo do passado que gera sofrimentos no presente. Apesar de se beneficiarem dos conhecimentos adquiridos no curso, ainda assim, o estereótipo de corpo para futuros nutricionistas é o entrave que favorece o distanciamento do juízo de conhecimento em prol do alcance deste “corpo”. A frequência observada de insatisfação corporal e de EAT+ nas graduandas é preocupante para a saúde física e mental das mesmas, o que levanta a necessidade de se conhecer os fatores de risco para TA. Compreende-se que estas condições demandam a elaboração de políticas e ações de saúde mais efetivas para prevenção dos TA no público universitário. Palavras-chave: Transtorno Alimentar; Imagem corporal; Comportamento Alimentar; Fatores de Risco; Estudantes; Ciência da Nutrição.
There is a requirement, on the part of society, for the stereotype that falls into a body standard for nutrition professionals, which can contribute to the adoption of risky behaviors. Studies that evaluate various factors and their interrelationship with Eating Disorders (ED) in this population are few. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the association of sociodemographic, behavioral, anthropometric and body self-perception factors with the risk of ED in nutrition undergraduates, as well as the relationship that this population establishes with the body and food. This is a cross-sectional study of a quantitative and qualitative nature, with 138 adult women, from two campuses of a public higher education institution in the state of Minas Gerais. Data were collected through an online questionnaire, containing: sociodemographic and anthropometric data; Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-8B); Eating Attitudes Test questionnaire (EAT-26); Vigitel questionnaire on frequency of consumption of food markers of food consumption; non-directive questions to check sensations, feelings and emotions in relation to the body and the act of eating; and the arguments attributed to eating attitudes in favor of the desired body. The linearity of the associations was assessed using Pearson's chi-square test. Crude and adjusted Poisson regression was used to estimate the prevalence ratios (PR) of EAT+ (positive screening for ED risk), with their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), in order to verify the factors associated with TA risk. The variables were included in blocks in the hierarchical modeling. The frequency of EAT+ was 31.2% and the frequency of dissatisfaction with body image was 75.4%. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the prevalence of EAT+ was higher in those aged between 25 and 29 years (PR: 3.0; 95% CI: 1.7-5.1), whit consumed alcoholic beverages (PR: 2. 5; 95% CI: 1.3-4.9), with moderate body dissatisfaction (PR: 6.6; 95% CI: 1.9-23.6), severe body dissatisfaction (PR: 8.9; 95% CI: 2.2-35.1). The influence that corporatura and corporar have on the undergraduate students' relationship with food was evidenced in several ways, whether in the challenges of feeling obliged to be aesthetically perfect; in self-blame attributed to the type and quantity of food; in food refuge due to overload of academic activities; fear of eating in public; restricting the food displayed on the plate; and, for denying a body from the past that generates suffering in the present. Despite benefiting from the knowledge acquired in the course, the stereotype of the body for future nutritionists is the obstacle that favors the distancing of the judgment of knowledge in favor of achieving this “body”. The observed frequency of body dissatisfaction and EAT+ in undergraduate students is worrying for their physical and mental health, which raises the need to know the risk factors for ED. It is understood that these conditions require the development of more effective health policies and actions to prevent ED in the university population. Keywords: Eating disorder; Body image; Eating Behavior; Risk factors; Students; Nutrition Science.
There is a requirement, on the part of society, for the stereotype that falls into a body standard for nutrition professionals, which can contribute to the adoption of risky behaviors. Studies that evaluate various factors and their interrelationship with Eating Disorders (ED) in this population are few. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the association of sociodemographic, behavioral, anthropometric and body self-perception factors with the risk of ED in nutrition undergraduates, as well as the relationship that this population establishes with the body and food. This is a cross-sectional study of a quantitative and qualitative nature, with 138 adult women, from two campuses of a public higher education institution in the state of Minas Gerais. Data were collected through an online questionnaire, containing: sociodemographic and anthropometric data; Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-8B); Eating Attitudes Test questionnaire (EAT-26); Vigitel questionnaire on frequency of consumption of food markers of food consumption; non-directive questions to check sensations, feelings and emotions in relation to the body and the act of eating; and the arguments attributed to eating attitudes in favor of the desired body. The linearity of the associations was assessed using Pearson's chi-square test. Crude and adjusted Poisson regression was used to estimate the prevalence ratios (PR) of EAT+ (positive screening for ED risk), with their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), in order to verify the factors associated with TA risk. The variables were included in blocks in the hierarchical modeling. The frequency of EAT+ was 31.2% and the frequency of dissatisfaction with body image was 75.4%. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the prevalence of EAT+ was higher in those aged between 25 and 29 years (PR: 3.0; 95% CI: 1.7-5.1), whit consumed alcoholic beverages (PR: 2. 5; 95% CI: 1.3-4.9), with moderate body dissatisfaction (PR: 6.6; 95% CI: 1.9-23.6), severe body dissatisfaction (PR: 8.9; 95% CI: 2.2-35.1). The influence that corporatura and corporar have on the undergraduate students' relationship with food was evidenced in several ways, whether in the challenges of feeling obliged to be aesthetically perfect; in self-blame attributed to the type and quantity of food; in food refuge due to overload of academic activities; fear of eating in public; restricting the food displayed on the plate; and, for denying a body from the past that generates suffering in the present. Despite benefiting from the knowledge acquired in the course, the stereotype of the body for future nutritionists is the obstacle that favors the distancing of the judgment of knowledge in favor of achieving this “body”. The observed frequency of body dissatisfaction and EAT+ in undergraduate students is worrying for their physical and mental health, which raises the need to know the risk factors for ED. It is understood that these conditions require the development of more effective health policies and actions to prevent ED in the university population. Keywords: Eating disorder; Body image; Eating Behavior; Risk factors; Students; Nutrition Science.
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BATALHA, Jhenifer de Souza. Percepção da imagem corporal, estado nutricional e comportamento alimentar de risco para transtorno alimentar em graduandas de nutrição. 2024. 174 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência da Nutrição) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
