Avaliação do risco cardiovascular de indivíduos com diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial acompanhados pela atenção primária à saúde: análise e estratificação pelo escore de risco HEARTS
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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Introdução: as doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) configuram a principal causa de morte no mundo. Está bem estabelecida a relação entre o aumento da pressão arterial (PA) e o risco de DCV. Quantificar o risco cardiovascular (RCV) de indivíduos com diagnóstico de Hipertensão Arterial (HA) é essencial e pode nortear estratégias preventivas e de tratamento. Não há, no entanto, modelos de estimativa de risco, já validados, com dados populacionais brasileiros, o que os torna menos precisos na avaliação do RCV em nossa população. A iniciativa HEARTS propõe o uso de uma nova calculadora considerando dados de estimativa populacional brasileira, principalmente para uso no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Objetivos: avaliar o RCV dos indivíduos com diagnóstico de HA acompanhados pela APS da microrregião de saúde Viçosa – MG, por meio da calculadora de risco HEARTS. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo individual, observacional, transversal, realizado com indivíduos com diagnóstico de HA, cadastrados e acompanhados pela APS, da microrregião de saúde de Viçosa, MG. A coleta dos dados se deu por meio de: aplicações de questionários semiestruturados contendo questões sobre variáveis sociodemográficas, de hábitos de vida, cuidados de saúde; exames laboratoriais, avaliação antropométrica e avaliação clínica. Todas as análises foram realizadas utilizando o Software SPSS versão 21. Para verificar as associações entre as variáveis categóricas foi utilizado o teste quiquadrado de Pearson. A partir da classificação dos indivíduos conforme o risco cardiovascular em baixo, moderado, alto ou muito alto, avaliou-se a associação com o nível pressórico encontrado e com os fatores de risco obesidade e inatividade física. Para todos os testes foi fixado o nível de significância de 5%. O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), sob número de parecer 2.459.555. Resultados: Foram incluídos 259 indivíduos com diagnóstico de HA; o RCV estratificado pelo escore de risco cardíaco HEARTS, identificou 14,3% dos indivíduos como baixo risco, 28,2% moderado risco, 48,3% alto risco e 9,3% muito alto RCV. Avaliando os níveis pressóricos e correlacionando com o RCV apenas 23,6% alcançava a meta proposta pela diretriz brasileira de HA. A prevalência de obesidade, após análise pelo IMC, foi 44% e de acordo com a classificação do IPAQ observou-se que 45 % dos indivíduos eram ativos/inativos fisicamente. Houve associação de obesidade com a elevação do RCV, sendo demonstrado que 54,5% dos indivíduos portadores de HAS e obesidade tinham alto RCV. A inatividade física também foi um fator de risco com associação com o alto RCV, tendo sua prevalência com aumento proporcional à elevação do RCV. Conclusões: Esse estudo evidenciou que há um elevado percentual dos indivíduos portadores de HA com alto RCV. A obesidade e inatividade física foram fatores de risco prevalentes nos participantes do estudo e estiveram associados ao alto RCV. Os resultados ratificam a necessidade de controle pressórico mais intensivo e ressaltam a importância de políticas que estimulem modos mais saudáveis de vida, com redução de obesidade e sedentarismo, principalmente quando inseridas no contexto de ações de promoção da saúde. Palavras Chave: Hipertensão Arterial, Risco Cardiovascular, Atenção Primária à Saúde, Iniciativa HEARTS, Obesidade, Inatividade física
Introduction: cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in the world. The relationship between increased blood pressure (BP) and the risk of CVD is well established. Quantifying the cardiovascular risk (CVR) of individuals diagnosed with Arterial Hypertension (AH) is essential and can guide preventive and treatment strategies. However, there are no risk estimation models already validated with Brazilian population data, which makes them less accurate in assessing CVR in our population. The HEARTS initiative proposes the use of a new calculator considering data from Brazilian population estimates, mainly for use in the scope of Primary Health Care (PHC). Objectives: to evaluate the CVR of individuals diagnosed with hypertension followed by PHC in the Viçosa – MG health microregion, using the HEARTS risk calculator. Methods: this is an individual, observational, cross-sectional study, carried out with individuals diagnosed with AH, registered and monitored by PHC, in the health microregion of Viçosa, MG. Data collection took place through: applications of semi-structured questionnaires containing questions about sociodemographic variables, lifestyle habits, health care; laboratory tests, anthropometric assessment and clinical assessment. All analyzes were performed using SPSS software version 21. To verify associations between categorical variables, Pearson's chi-square test was used. From the classification of individuals according to their cardiovascular risk as low, moderate, high or very high, the association with the blood pressure level found and the risk factors obesity and physical inactivity was evaluated. For all tests, the significance level was set at 5%. The research project was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), under opinion number 2,459,555. Results: 259 individuals diagnosed with AH were included; the CVR stratified by the HEARTS cardiac risk score, identified 14.3% of individuals as low risk, 28.2% moderate risk, 48.3% high risk and 9.3% very high CVR. Assessing blood pressure levels and correlating with CVR, only 23.6% reached the target proposed by the Brazilian AH guideline. The prevalence of obesity, after analysis by BMI, was 44% and according to the IPAQ classification it was observed that 45% of individuals were physically active/inactive. There was an association between obesity and increased CVR, demonstrating that 54.5% of individuals with hypertension and obesity had high CVR. Physical inactivity was also a risk factor associated with high CVR, with its prevalence increasing proportionally to the increase in CVR. Conclusions: This study showed that there is a high percentage of individuals with AH with high CVR. Obesity and physical inactivity were prevalent risk factors in study participants and were associated with high CVR. The results confirm the need for more intensive blood pressure control and highlight the importance of policies that encourage healthier ways of life, reducing obesity and sedentary lifestyle, especially when inserted in the context of health promotion actions. Keywords: Arterial Hypertension, Cardiovascular Risk, Primary Health Care, HEARTS Initiative, Obesity, Physical inactivity
Introduction: cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in the world. The relationship between increased blood pressure (BP) and the risk of CVD is well established. Quantifying the cardiovascular risk (CVR) of individuals diagnosed with Arterial Hypertension (AH) is essential and can guide preventive and treatment strategies. However, there are no risk estimation models already validated with Brazilian population data, which makes them less accurate in assessing CVR in our population. The HEARTS initiative proposes the use of a new calculator considering data from Brazilian population estimates, mainly for use in the scope of Primary Health Care (PHC). Objectives: to evaluate the CVR of individuals diagnosed with hypertension followed by PHC in the Viçosa – MG health microregion, using the HEARTS risk calculator. Methods: this is an individual, observational, cross-sectional study, carried out with individuals diagnosed with AH, registered and monitored by PHC, in the health microregion of Viçosa, MG. Data collection took place through: applications of semi-structured questionnaires containing questions about sociodemographic variables, lifestyle habits, health care; laboratory tests, anthropometric assessment and clinical assessment. All analyzes were performed using SPSS software version 21. To verify associations between categorical variables, Pearson's chi-square test was used. From the classification of individuals according to their cardiovascular risk as low, moderate, high or very high, the association with the blood pressure level found and the risk factors obesity and physical inactivity was evaluated. For all tests, the significance level was set at 5%. The research project was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), under opinion number 2,459,555. Results: 259 individuals diagnosed with AH were included; the CVR stratified by the HEARTS cardiac risk score, identified 14.3% of individuals as low risk, 28.2% moderate risk, 48.3% high risk and 9.3% very high CVR. Assessing blood pressure levels and correlating with CVR, only 23.6% reached the target proposed by the Brazilian AH guideline. The prevalence of obesity, after analysis by BMI, was 44% and according to the IPAQ classification it was observed that 45% of individuals were physically active/inactive. There was an association between obesity and increased CVR, demonstrating that 54.5% of individuals with hypertension and obesity had high CVR. Physical inactivity was also a risk factor associated with high CVR, with its prevalence increasing proportionally to the increase in CVR. Conclusions: This study showed that there is a high percentage of individuals with AH with high CVR. Obesity and physical inactivity were prevalent risk factors in study participants and were associated with high CVR. The results confirm the need for more intensive blood pressure control and highlight the importance of policies that encourage healthier ways of life, reducing obesity and sedentary lifestyle, especially when inserted in the context of health promotion actions. Keywords: Arterial Hypertension, Cardiovascular Risk, Primary Health Care, HEARTS Initiative, Obesity, Physical inactivity
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SENA, Ana Luiza Sobreira. Avaliação do risco cardiovascular de indivíduos com diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial acompanhados pela atenção primária à saúde: análise e estratificação pelo escore de risco HEARTS. 2024. 86 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência da Nutrição) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
