Mudanças nas propriedades do solo em uma cronosequência de uso na bacia do Rio Doce
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
As mudanças no uso da terra podem exercer uma influência considerável sobre a vegetação e as propriedades do solo, variando de acordo com a duração, o tipo de uso e o manejo do solo empregado. Nesse contexto, a análise dos padrões e das mudanças temporais no uso e cobertura do solo na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Doce, entre os anos de 1985 e 2022, revelou que as principais conversões de áreas de floresta natural ocorreram para pastagens, florestas plantadas e áreas de mosaico agricultura/pastagem. Com o intuito de caracterizar e comparar a qualidade do solo em áreas de povoamentos florestais (naturais e plantados) com aquelas destinadas à pastagem, dentro dos limites da bacia do Rio Doce, foram avaliados indicadores biológicos e químicos de qualidade do solo. Amostras foram coletadas em áreas com dois períodos de conversão (22 e 9 anos), com três formas de uso da terra (sucessão natural, cultivo de eucalipto e pastagem abandonada) e quatro profundidades do solo (0,0-0,10 m; 0,10-0,30 m; 0,30-0,60 m e 0,60-1,0 m), utilizando-se cinco repetições. A análise estatística dos dados foi conduzida considerando um delineamento sistemático em que os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 x 4. Os resultados revelaram diferenças significativas entre os sistemas de uso da terra e os períodos de conversão. Observou-se a predominância de bactérias, seguidas por actinobactérias e fungos no solo, em todas as situações. Notavelmente, o cultivo de eucalipto conduziu a menor diversidade nas comunidades microbianas, bem como a menor biomassa radicular, densidade e volumes de raízes, além de menores atividades enzimáticas e taxas de respiração. Por outro lado, o cultivo de eucalipto apresentou a maior quantidade de serrapilheira e maiores estoques de C total e em frações orgânicas do solo, além de maiores estoques de N total. Em conclusão, este estudo ressalta a importância das mudanças no uso da terra para promover a saúde do solo e a produtividade dos ecossistemas. Palavras-chaves: Diversidade microbiana; Manejo sustentável; Sucessão natural; Mudanças no uso da terra; Cultivo de eucalipto; Pastagem.
Land-use changes can significantly influence vegetation and soil properties, varying according to the duration, type of use, and soil management employed. In this context, the analysis of patterns and temporal changes in land use and land cover in the Rio Doce watershed, between 1985 and 2022, revealed that the main conversions of natural forest areas occurred into pastures, planted forests, and mosaic agriculture/pasture areas. To characterize and compare soil quality in areas of forest stands (natural and planted) with those intended for pasture within the limits of the Rio Doce Basin, biological and chemical soil quality indicators were evaluated. Samples were collected in areas with two periods of conversion (22 and 9 years), with three forms of land use (natural succession, eucalyptus cultivation, and abandoned pasture) and four soil depths (0.0-0.10 m; 0.10-0.30 m; 0.30-0.60 m, and 0.60-1.0 m), using five replicates. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted considering a systematic design in which treatments were arranged in a 2 x 3 x 4 factorial scheme. The results revealed significant differences between land use systems and conversion periods. Bacteria were predominant, followed by actinobacteria and fungi in the soil, in all situations. Notably, eucalyptus cultivation led to lower diversity in microbial communities, as well as lower root biomass, density, and root volumes, and reduced enzymatic activities and respiration rates. On the other hand, eucalyptus cultivation exhibited the highest amount of litter and showed higher stocks of total C and organic fractions in the soil, as well as higher stocks of total N. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of land-use changes in promoting soil health and ecosystem productivity. Keywords: Microbial diversity; Sustainable management; Natural succession; Land-Use changes; Eucalyptus cultivation; Pasture.
Land-use changes can significantly influence vegetation and soil properties, varying according to the duration, type of use, and soil management employed. In this context, the analysis of patterns and temporal changes in land use and land cover in the Rio Doce watershed, between 1985 and 2022, revealed that the main conversions of natural forest areas occurred into pastures, planted forests, and mosaic agriculture/pasture areas. To characterize and compare soil quality in areas of forest stands (natural and planted) with those intended for pasture within the limits of the Rio Doce Basin, biological and chemical soil quality indicators were evaluated. Samples were collected in areas with two periods of conversion (22 and 9 years), with three forms of land use (natural succession, eucalyptus cultivation, and abandoned pasture) and four soil depths (0.0-0.10 m; 0.10-0.30 m; 0.30-0.60 m, and 0.60-1.0 m), using five replicates. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted considering a systematic design in which treatments were arranged in a 2 x 3 x 4 factorial scheme. The results revealed significant differences between land use systems and conversion periods. Bacteria were predominant, followed by actinobacteria and fungi in the soil, in all situations. Notably, eucalyptus cultivation led to lower diversity in microbial communities, as well as lower root biomass, density, and root volumes, and reduced enzymatic activities and respiration rates. On the other hand, eucalyptus cultivation exhibited the highest amount of litter and showed higher stocks of total C and organic fractions in the soil, as well as higher stocks of total N. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of land-use changes in promoting soil health and ecosystem productivity. Keywords: Microbial diversity; Sustainable management; Natural succession; Land-Use changes; Eucalyptus cultivation; Pasture.
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MOREIRA, Cintia Dayrane Duarte. Mudanças nas propriedades do solo em uma cronossequência de uso na bacia do Rio Doce. 2024.124 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
