Microbiota de kombuchas brasileiras e relação com sua atividade biológica in vitro
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A atividade da comunidade microbiana da kombucha durante o processo fermentativo resulta na produção de grande diversidade de metabólitos, de reconhecida atividade biológica, incluindo compostos antioxidantes e antimicrobianos. O perfil e a dinâmica populacional dessas espécies impactam significativamente nas propriedades benéficas do chá fermentado. Neste trabalho, foram elucidadas a distribuição e estrutura da microbiota fermentadora de kombuchas produzidas a partir de matérias primas de diferentes regiões do Brasil, bem como sua contribuição para a diversidade de compostos com atividades biológicas produzidos durante o processo fermentativo. As principais correlações e interações entre as espécies microbianas que compõem a comunidade do chá fermentado foram demonstradas, bem como o papel de diversos microrganismos na biossíntese de compostos bioativos e atividade biológica. As kombuchas foram produzidas com 8 g (1 % p/v) de chá verde mantido em infusão durante 10 min, e 80 g (8 %) de sacarose; este chá adoçado foi acrescido com 10 % de cultura starter e SCOBY obtidos em diferentes regiões do país. As culturas foram fermentadas a 25 ºC durante 21 dias. Foram realizados ensaios calorimétricos para quantificação de compostos fenólicos totais (TPC) e flavonoides totais (TFC) ao longo do processo de fermentação; análise do potencial antioxidante foram realizadas pelos métodos de redução dos radicais DPPH (1,1-difenil 2- picrilhidrazil) e ABTS (2,2-azinobis (3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-ácido sulfônico); a atividade antimicrobiana frente linhagens padrões de Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 15313), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11219) e Salmonella enterica (ATCC 14028) foi determinada nas amostras antes e após neutralização (pH: 7,0); os principais ácidos orgânicos, compostos fenólicos, açúcares residuais e etanol foram quantificados por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE). Análise metagenômica tipo Shotgun foi realizada para todas as amostras na fase líquida. Linhagens dos principais grupos microbianos foram isoladas após o processo de fermentação. O perfil bioativo e potencial antioxidante mostrou-se variável, com melhores atividades identificadas em amostras principalmente após o 7º dia de fermentação. Uma comunidade bem estabelecida de bactérias do ácido acético foi observada, sobretudo de membros da família Acetobacteriaceae, composta principalmente por Komagataeibacter spp. Para leveduras, Brettanomyces bruxellensis foi predominante na maioria das amostras. A composição da comunidade microbiana dentre as regiões estudadas diferiu significativamente, bem como dentre as amostras de uma mesma região. Verificou-se a presença de diversos ácidos orgânicos resultantes da fermentação e/ou intermediários de reações metabólicas, com destaque para os ácidos acético, glicurônico e succínico, bem como compostos fenólicos, como ácido fólico. As redes de interações microbianas puderam ser agrupadas em cinco módulos, tendo Komagataeibacter oboediens como principal conectivo. As espécies mais abundantes, Komagataeibacter saccharivorans e B. bruxellensis, apresentaram correlações diretas com diversos microrganismos que favorecem o potencial bioativo da bebida, tais como Komagataeibacter spp., Wickerhamiella sorbophila e Pediococcus pentosaceus. A presença de Acetobacter senegalensis estimulou a produção de compostos fenólicos e flavonoides totais. Esta pesquisa tem potencial de orientar a seleção, modulação e padronização de consórcios microbianos como culturas starter para obtenção e validação de maiores benefícios relacionados ao consumo de kombucha. Palavras-chave: Bebidas fermentadas. Benefícios à saúde. Compostos bioativos. SCOBY
Kombucha is beverage traditionally fermented by a microbial consortium called SCOBY. The activity of kombucha microbial community during the fermentative process results in production of wide range of metabolites, with recognized biological activity, including antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds. The profile and population dynamics of these species significantly impact the beneficial properties of fermented tea. In this work, the distribution and structure of microbiota fermenting kombuchas produced from raw materials from different regions of Brazil were elucidated, as well as its contribution to diversity of compounds with biological activities produced during the fermentation process. The main correlations and interactions between the microbial species that make up the fermented tea community were demonstrated, as well as role of different microorganisms in biosynthesis of bioactive compounds and biological activity. The kombuchas were produced with 8 g (1% w/v) of green tea kept infused for 10 min, and 80 g (8%) of sucrose; this sweetened tea was added with 10 % starter culture and SCOBY obtained in different regions of country. The cultures were fermented at 25 ºC for 21 days. Calorimetric tests were carried out to quantify total phenolic compounds (TPC) and total flavonoids (TFC) throughout the fermentation process; analysis of antioxidant potential was carried out using the radical reduction methods DPPH (1,1-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2-azinobis (3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid); antimicrobial activity against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 15313), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11219) and Salmonella enterica (ATCC 14028) was determined in samples before and after neutralization (pH: 7.0); the main organic acids, phenolic compounds, residual sugars and ethanol were quantified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Shotgun metagenomic analysis was performed for all samples in liquid phase. Strains from main microbial groups were isolated after the fermentation process. The bioactive profile and antioxidant potential showed It was variable, with better activities identified in samples mainly after 7th day of fermentation. A well-established community of acetic acid bacteria was observed, mainly members of the Acetobacteriaceae family, mainly composed of Komagataeibacter spp. For yeast, Brettanomyces bruxellensis was predominant in most samples. The composition of microbial community between the regions studied differed significantly, as well as between samples from same region. The presence of several organic acids resulting from fermentation and/or intermediates of metabolic reactions was verified, mainly acetic, glururonic and succinic acids, as well as phenolic compounds, such as folic acid. The microbial interaction networks could be grouped into five modules, with Komagataeibacter oboediens as main connective. The most abundant species, Komagataeibacter saccharivorans and B. bruxellensis, showed direct correlations with several microorganisms that favor bioactive potential of beverage, such as Komagataeibacter spp., Wickerhamiella sorbophila and Pediococcus pentosaceus. The presence of Acetobacter senegalensis stimulated the production of phenolic compounds and total flavonoids. This research has the potential to guide the selection, modulation and standardization of microbial consortia as starter cultures to obtain and validate greater benefits related to kombucha consumption. Keywords: Fermented beverage; Health benefits; Bioactive compounds; SCOBY.
Kombucha is beverage traditionally fermented by a microbial consortium called SCOBY. The activity of kombucha microbial community during the fermentative process results in production of wide range of metabolites, with recognized biological activity, including antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds. The profile and population dynamics of these species significantly impact the beneficial properties of fermented tea. In this work, the distribution and structure of microbiota fermenting kombuchas produced from raw materials from different regions of Brazil were elucidated, as well as its contribution to diversity of compounds with biological activities produced during the fermentation process. The main correlations and interactions between the microbial species that make up the fermented tea community were demonstrated, as well as role of different microorganisms in biosynthesis of bioactive compounds and biological activity. The kombuchas were produced with 8 g (1% w/v) of green tea kept infused for 10 min, and 80 g (8%) of sucrose; this sweetened tea was added with 10 % starter culture and SCOBY obtained in different regions of country. The cultures were fermented at 25 ºC for 21 days. Calorimetric tests were carried out to quantify total phenolic compounds (TPC) and total flavonoids (TFC) throughout the fermentation process; analysis of antioxidant potential was carried out using the radical reduction methods DPPH (1,1-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2-azinobis (3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid); antimicrobial activity against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 15313), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11219) and Salmonella enterica (ATCC 14028) was determined in samples before and after neutralization (pH: 7.0); the main organic acids, phenolic compounds, residual sugars and ethanol were quantified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Shotgun metagenomic analysis was performed for all samples in liquid phase. Strains from main microbial groups were isolated after the fermentation process. The bioactive profile and antioxidant potential showed It was variable, with better activities identified in samples mainly after 7th day of fermentation. A well-established community of acetic acid bacteria was observed, mainly members of the Acetobacteriaceae family, mainly composed of Komagataeibacter spp. For yeast, Brettanomyces bruxellensis was predominant in most samples. The composition of microbial community between the regions studied differed significantly, as well as between samples from same region. The presence of several organic acids resulting from fermentation and/or intermediates of metabolic reactions was verified, mainly acetic, glururonic and succinic acids, as well as phenolic compounds, such as folic acid. The microbial interaction networks could be grouped into five modules, with Komagataeibacter oboediens as main connective. The most abundant species, Komagataeibacter saccharivorans and B. bruxellensis, showed direct correlations with several microorganisms that favor bioactive potential of beverage, such as Komagataeibacter spp., Wickerhamiella sorbophila and Pediococcus pentosaceus. The presence of Acetobacter senegalensis stimulated the production of phenolic compounds and total flavonoids. This research has the potential to guide the selection, modulation and standardization of microbial consortia as starter cultures to obtain and validate greater benefits related to kombucha consumption. Keywords: Fermented beverage; Health benefits; Bioactive compounds; SCOBY.
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Citation
ROCHA, André Ricardo Ferreira da Silva. Microbiota de kombuchas brasileiras e relação com sua atividade biológica in vitro. 2024. 159 f. Tese (Doutorado em Microbiologia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
