Catálogo comportamental de besouros Scotocryptus melitophilus (Leiodidae, Scotocryptini) associados a abelhas Melipona mondury (Apidae, Meliponini)
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
As colmeias de abelhas sem ferrão (Apidae, Meliponini) constituem ambientes com grande disponibilidade de recursos e com condições que favorecem a presença de inquilinos, como artrópodes e microrganismos. Scotocryptus melithophilus (Leiodidae, Scotocryptini) são inquilinos que encontram nas colônias de abelhas sem ferrão um ambiente favorável à sua habitação. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre o seu comportamento, biologia e importância para as colônias. Neste trabalho, foi elaborado um catálogo comportamental do besouro e descrita a frequência de suas atividades. Besouros adultos e abelhas operárias foram coletados em cinco colônias de Melipona mondury para estudos sobre o comportamento dos besouros em laboratório. Para a elaboração do catálogo comportamental, os besouros e as abelhas foram distribuídos em arenas contendo solução de mel e água destilada (1V:1V), batume coletado nas colmeias e algodão umedecido. Para catalogar o maior número possível de comportamentos, 84 arenas foram montadas com diferentes tratamentos, nos quais havia apenas um besouro com sexo desconhecido e nenhuma abelha; três besouros com sexo desconhecido e nenhuma abelha; três besouros com sexo desconhecido e duas abelhas; dois besouros machos e nenhuma abelha; dois besouros fêmeas e nenhuma abelha ou dois besouros de sexos opostos e nenhuma abelha. Para o estabelecimento da frequência comportamental, um novo conjunto de insetos foi distribuído entre 15 arenas, contendo três besouros de sexo desconhecido e duas abelhas. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva. O catálogo resultou em 19 atos comportamentais, com os besouros interagindo entre si, com as abelhas, com o batume e com os recursos alimentares disponibilizados (água e mel). O comportamento mais frequente foi a interação dos besouros com o batume (74,55% dos comportamentos avaliados), seguido da ingestão de água (8,26%). Interações dos besouros com as abelhas e com coespecíficos foram pouco frequentes (4,91% e 2,83% respectivamente). Apesar da distribuição temporal ampla de vários atos comportamentais, alguns deles ocorreram com maior frequência (>60%) em determinados horários do dia. Esse estudo contribui com informações e registros inéditos dos comportamentos do besouro Scotocryptus melitophilus e evidencia a importância de pesquisas que esclareçam a relação entre colônias de meliponíneos e seus inquilinos.
Palavras-chave: Comportamento. Interações. Inquilino.
Stingless bee hives (Apidae, Meliponini) are environments with high availability of resources and conditions that favor the presence of tenants, such as arthropods and microorganisms. Scotocryptus melithophilus (Leiodidae, Scotocryptini) are tenants who find in stingless bee colonies a favorable environment for their habitation. However, little is known about its behavior, biology and importance to colonies. In this work, a behavioral catalog of the beetle was elaborated and the frequency of its activities was described. Adult beetles and worker bees were collected from five colonies of Melipona mondury for studies on beetle behavior in the laboratory. For the elaboration of the behavioral catalog, the beetles and the bees w ere distributed in arenas containing solution of honey and distilled water (1V:1V), batume collected in the hives and moistened cotton. To catalog the largest possible number of behaviors, 84 arenas were set up with different treatments, in which there was only one beetle of unknown sex and no bee; three beetles of unknown sex and no bees; three beetles of unknown sex and two bees; two male beetles and no bees; two female beetles and no bees or two beetles of opposite sexes and no bees. To establish the behavioral frequency, a new set of insects was distributed among 15 arenas, containing three beetles of unknown sex and two bees. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The catalog resulted in 19 behavioral acts, with the beetles interacting with each other, with the bees, with batume and with the available food resources (water and honey). The most frequent behavior was the interaction between beetles and batume (74.55% of the evaluated behaviors), followed by water intake (8.26%). Interactions of beetles with bees and conspecifics were infrequent (4.91% and 2.83% respectively). Despite the wide temporal distribution of various behavioral acts, some of them occurred more frequently (>60%) at certain times of the day. This study contributes with unprecedented information and records of the behaviors of the beetle Scotocryptus melitophilus and highlights the importance of research that clarifies the relationship between meliponine colonies and their tenants. Keywords: Behavior. Interactions. Tenant.
Stingless bee hives (Apidae, Meliponini) are environments with high availability of resources and conditions that favor the presence of tenants, such as arthropods and microorganisms. Scotocryptus melithophilus (Leiodidae, Scotocryptini) are tenants who find in stingless bee colonies a favorable environment for their habitation. However, little is known about its behavior, biology and importance to colonies. In this work, a behavioral catalog of the beetle was elaborated and the frequency of its activities was described. Adult beetles and worker bees were collected from five colonies of Melipona mondury for studies on beetle behavior in the laboratory. For the elaboration of the behavioral catalog, the beetles and the bees w ere distributed in arenas containing solution of honey and distilled water (1V:1V), batume collected in the hives and moistened cotton. To catalog the largest possible number of behaviors, 84 arenas were set up with different treatments, in which there was only one beetle of unknown sex and no bee; three beetles of unknown sex and no bees; three beetles of unknown sex and two bees; two male beetles and no bees; two female beetles and no bees or two beetles of opposite sexes and no bees. To establish the behavioral frequency, a new set of insects was distributed among 15 arenas, containing three beetles of unknown sex and two bees. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The catalog resulted in 19 behavioral acts, with the beetles interacting with each other, with the bees, with batume and with the available food resources (water and honey). The most frequent behavior was the interaction between beetles and batume (74.55% of the evaluated behaviors), followed by water intake (8.26%). Interactions of beetles with bees and conspecifics were infrequent (4.91% and 2.83% respectively). Despite the wide temporal distribution of various behavioral acts, some of them occurred more frequently (>60%) at certain times of the day. This study contributes with unprecedented information and records of the behaviors of the beetle Scotocryptus melitophilus and highlights the importance of research that clarifies the relationship between meliponine colonies and their tenants. Keywords: Behavior. Interactions. Tenant.
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COSTA, Ingrid Sousa. Catálogo comportamental de besouros Scotocryptus melitophilus (Leiodidae, Scotocryptini) associados a abelhas Melipona mondury (Apidae, Meliponini). 2022. 28 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Entomologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2022.
