Estudo da comunidade de BRS na produção de H2S em amostras associadas ao processo de biocorrosão na indústria do petróleo
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Os procariotos redutores de sulfato (PRS) são um grupo polifilético e metabolicamente diverso de microrganismos anaeróbicos, amplamente difundidos na natureza e que desempenham um papel essencial no ciclo global de carbono e enxofre. Esse grupo tem sido amplamente estudado, pois sua presença acarreta elevados prejuízos econômicos, operacionais e ambientais em diversos setores industriais. A indústria petroquímica é um setor que enfrenta sérios problemas relacionados com a presença de PRS na cadeia produtiva, sendo esse grupo responsável por problemas com a biocorrosão, biofouling, souring e toxicidade aos operadores. Todas as etapas do processo de extração do petróleo estão susceptíveis ao crescimento microbiano, em especial, dos PRS. Assim, os capítulos dessa tese foram desenvolvidos abordando diversos aspectos envolvendo a presença dos PRS na indústria do petróleo. No capítulo 1, foi avaliado o uso de solução comercial de preservação de DNA e meios de enriquecimento como metodologia de preservação das amostras, para a manutenção da composição da comunidade microbiana o mais próximo as condições de campo. Todas as metodologias de preservação avaliadas tiveram impacto na estrutura da comunidade, no entanto, os tratamentos P-PW e M-PRS foram os que mais se assemelharam às condições naturais do campo, mostrando que ambos têm potencial para serem aplicados no rotina das indústrias de petróleo, entretanto, para análises que envolvam apenas o estudo da comunidade baseado em DNA, o P-PW é a melhor opção por ter maior similaridade com o PW, porém, se as análises a jusante dependerem do cultivo de microrganismos, o M-PRS é a melhor opção, uma vez que não impede o crescimento celular. No capítulo 2, foi avaliado a cinética de produção de H2S em amostras provenientes de diferentes setores da cadeia produtiva do petróleo, para inferência da relação entre a produção de H2S e a diferença na estrutura e composição da comunidade bacteriana presentes nesses ambientes. Foi observado que, apesar dos PRS serem o grupo microbiano responsáveis pela produção de H2S, o fator modulador dessa produção está relacionado com a biomassa bacteriana total e que interações ecológicas que ocorrem na comunidade bacteriana é determinante para definir a velocidade de produção de H2S no ambiente. No capítulo 3, foi utilizada a ferramenta de aprendizado de máquinas com o intuito de testar a efetividade da composição da comunidade bacteriana em predizer a abundância dos PRS total de um ambiente, foi observado que há 13 gêneros que são possíveis biomarcadores para a população de PRS em ambientes associados a indústria do petróleo. No capítulo 4 foi avaliado o efeito, corretivo e preventivo, da aplicação THPS em impedir ou retardar o desenvolvimento da comunidade planctônica e do biofilme de cultura mista, proveniente de plataformas de extração de petróleo. Foi observado que resistência ao efeito do THPS varia a depender do estado da comunidade e a aplicação de dose subletal do biocida pode induzir o aumento da comunidade de PRS, mostrando a necessidade de entender a dinâmica de formação da comunidade nesses ambientes e os fatores que interferem na resistência, para o planejamento eficiente do controle dos PRS. Palavras-chave: THPS. Procariotos redutores de sulfato. Souring. Biofouling. Sulfeto de hidrogênio.
Sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP) are a polyphyletic and metabolically diverse group of anaerobic microorganisms, widespread and essential in the global carbon- sulfur cycle. This group has been widely studied, as its presence entails high economic, operational, and environmental losses in several industrial sectors. The petrochemical industry is a sector that faces serious problems related to the presence of SRP in the production chain, and this group is responsible for problems with biocorrosion, biofouling, souring, and toxicity to operators. All stages of the oil extraction process are susceptible to microbial growth, in particular SRP. Thus, the chapters of this thesis were developed, addressing various aspects involving the presence of SRP in the oil industry. In Chapter 1, a commercial solution for DNA preservation and enrichment media was evaluated as a methodology for preserving samples to maintain the composition of the microbial community as close as possible to field conditions. All evaluated preservation methodologies had an impact on the community structure. However, the P-PW and M-PRS treatments were the ones that most resembled the natural conditions of the field, showing that both have the potential to be applied in industries. However, for analyses that involve only the study of the community based on DNA, the P-PW is the best option, because it has a more significant similarity with the PW. However, if the downstream analyzes depend on the cultivation of microorganisms, the M-PRS is the best option as it does not impede cell growth. In chapter 2, the kinetics of H2S production was evaluated in samples from different sectors of the petroleum production chain to infer the relationship between H2S production and the difference in the structure and composition of the bacterial community present in these environments. It was observed that, despite the SRP being the microbial group responsible to produce H2S, the modulating factor of this production is related to the total bacterial biomass and the ecological interactions that occur in the bacterial community are determinant to define the speed of production of H2S in the environment. In chapter 3, the machine learning tool was used in order to test the effectiveness of the bacterial community composition in predicting the total abundance of PRS in an environment. It was observed that 13 genera are possible biomarkers for the SRP population in environments associated with the oil industry. In chapter 4, the effect, corrective and preventive, of the THPS application in preventing or delaying the development of the planktonic and biofilm community from the mixed culture from oil extraction platforms were evaluated. It was observed that resistance to the effect of THPS varies depending on the state of the community. Applying a sublethal dose of the biocide can induce an increase in the SRP community, showing the need to understand the dynamics of community formation in these environments and the factors that interfere with resistance to efficient planning of SRP control. Keywords: THPS. Sulfate-reducing prokaryotes. Biofouling. Souring. Hydrogen sulfide.
Sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP) are a polyphyletic and metabolically diverse group of anaerobic microorganisms, widespread and essential in the global carbon- sulfur cycle. This group has been widely studied, as its presence entails high economic, operational, and environmental losses in several industrial sectors. The petrochemical industry is a sector that faces serious problems related to the presence of SRP in the production chain, and this group is responsible for problems with biocorrosion, biofouling, souring, and toxicity to operators. All stages of the oil extraction process are susceptible to microbial growth, in particular SRP. Thus, the chapters of this thesis were developed, addressing various aspects involving the presence of SRP in the oil industry. In Chapter 1, a commercial solution for DNA preservation and enrichment media was evaluated as a methodology for preserving samples to maintain the composition of the microbial community as close as possible to field conditions. All evaluated preservation methodologies had an impact on the community structure. However, the P-PW and M-PRS treatments were the ones that most resembled the natural conditions of the field, showing that both have the potential to be applied in industries. However, for analyses that involve only the study of the community based on DNA, the P-PW is the best option, because it has a more significant similarity with the PW. However, if the downstream analyzes depend on the cultivation of microorganisms, the M-PRS is the best option as it does not impede cell growth. In chapter 2, the kinetics of H2S production was evaluated in samples from different sectors of the petroleum production chain to infer the relationship between H2S production and the difference in the structure and composition of the bacterial community present in these environments. It was observed that, despite the SRP being the microbial group responsible to produce H2S, the modulating factor of this production is related to the total bacterial biomass and the ecological interactions that occur in the bacterial community are determinant to define the speed of production of H2S in the environment. In chapter 3, the machine learning tool was used in order to test the effectiveness of the bacterial community composition in predicting the total abundance of PRS in an environment. It was observed that 13 genera are possible biomarkers for the SRP population in environments associated with the oil industry. In chapter 4, the effect, corrective and preventive, of the THPS application in preventing or delaying the development of the planktonic and biofilm community from the mixed culture from oil extraction platforms were evaluated. It was observed that resistance to the effect of THPS varies depending on the state of the community. Applying a sublethal dose of the biocide can induce an increase in the SRP community, showing the need to understand the dynamics of community formation in these environments and the factors that interfere with resistance to efficient planning of SRP control. Keywords: THPS. Sulfate-reducing prokaryotes. Biofouling. Souring. Hydrogen sulfide.
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LIMA, Helena Santiago. Estudo da comunidade de BRS na produção de H2S em amostras associadas ao processo de biocorrosão na indústria do petróleo. 2023. 106 f. Tese (Doutorado em Microbiologia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2023.
