Fenótipos relacionados à agressividade de isolados do complexo de espécies Ralstonia solanacearum
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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O Complexo de Espécies Ralstonia solanacearum (CERS) agrupa isolados bacterianos de Ralstonia sp. que infectam uma ampla gama de hospedeiros com impacto econômico mundial, infecta mais de 250 espécies de plantas em 54 famílias botânicas. Seus mecanismos de virulência têm se mostrado diversos e podem ser adaptáveis ao hospedeiro e ao ambiente. A formação do biofilme considerada o principal fator que resulta no aparecimento dos sintomas de murcha nas plantas. A formação do biofilme requer uma série de sinalizações e sistemas regulatórios, entre eles, sistemas de comunicação Quorum Sensing (QS). Conhecer os fenótipos relacionados à virulência das espécies desse complexo é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de métodos de controle. Assim, os objetivos do presente estudo foram avaliar os fenótipos relacionados à virulência de isolados obtidos de todo o Brasil e caracterizar a formação do biofilme desses isolados em relação à sua morfologia e capacidade de formação de biofilme, bem como avaliar a motilidade e agressividade em plantas susceptíveis de tomate. Além disso, determinar a produção de moléculas de N- Acil-Homoserina Lactona (AHL) por esses isolados, identificar essa molécula e entender os fenótipos que podem ser regulados pelo mecanismo de QS mediado por AHLs. Neste estudo a diversidade de morfotipos de biofilmes obtidos por microscopia confocal de varredura a laser, além de diferentes padrões de motilidade e morfologia de colônia em vermelho de Congo foi determinada. Observou-se que isolados formadores fracos de biofilme in vitro, podem ser agressivos e formar biofilme na parede do xilema vascular de plantas de tomate. Grande parte dos isolados foram produtores de AHLs. Dois isolados (IBSBF2576 e LPF750) utilizados para a detecção apresentaram a N-butanoil- AHL (C4-AHL), revelando um sistema de QS AI-1 ainda não descrito em R. solanacearum. Para determinar o efeito fenotípico da ausência de AHLs produzidas pelos isolados de R. solanacearum, foi inserido nos isolados IBSBF2576 e LPF750 um plasmídeo expressando uma lactonase que realiza a quebra do anel lactona das AHLs. Foi observado importante alteração da formação do biofilme in vitro, além de redução expressiva das motilidades twitching, swarmming e swimming, aumento da resistência ao estresse oxidativo e manutenção da ausência de agressividade em tomates. Esses resultados reforçam que a diversidade genética presente no CERS é refletida nos fenótipos de virulência e formação do biofilme, além disso a descoberta de uma nova molécula de AHL produzida por R. solanacearum demonstra à existência de uma grande diversidade de mecanismos de comunicação QS. Ambos, virulência e QS precisam ser amplamente estudados para conhecer cada vez mais os fatores que estão relacionados com a agressividade de R. solanacearum e sua variabilidade. Palavras-chave: Ralstonia solanacearum. Quorum sensing. Agressividade.
The Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex (RSSC) groups bacterial isolates of Ralstonia sp. that infect a wide range of hosts with worldwide economic impact infect more than 250 plant species in 54 botanical families. Its virulence mechanisms have been shown to be diverse and may be adaptable to the host and the environment. Biofilm formation is considered the main factor that results in the appearance of wilting symptoms in plants. Biofilm formation requires a series of signaling and regulatory systems, including Quorum Sensing (QS) communication systems. Knowing the phenotypes related to the virulence of the species of this complex is fundamental for developing control methods. Thus, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate the virulence-related phenotypes of isolates obtained from all over Brazil and to characterize the biofilm formation of these isolates about their morphology and biofilm formation capacity, as well as to evaluate the motility and aggressiveness in plants likely tomato. Furthermore, to determine the production of N-Acyl-Homoserine Lactone (AHL) molecules by these isolates, identify this molecule and understand the phenotypes that can be regulated by the QS mechanism mediated by AHLs. In this study, the diversity of biofilm morphotypes obtained by confocal laser scanning microscopy and different patterns of motility and colony morphology in Congo red was determined. It was observed that in vitro, weak biofilm forming isolates can be aggressive and form biofilm in the vascular xylem wall of tomato plants. Most of the isolates produced AHLs. Two isolates (IBSBF2576 and LPF750) used for detection showed N-butanol-AHL (C4-AHL), revealing an AI-1 QS system not yet described in R. solanacearum. To determine the phenotypic effect of the absence of AHLs produced by the R. solanacearum isolates, a plasmid expressing a lactonase that breaks the lactone ring of the AHLs was inserted into the IBSBF2576 and LPF750 isolates. An important change in biofilm formation in vitro was observed, in addition to a significant reduction in twitching, swarming and swimming motility, increased resistance to oxidative stress and maintenance of the absence of aggressiveness in tomatoes. These results reinforce that the genetic diversity present in the RSSC is reflected in the phenotypes of virulence and biofilm formation; in addition, the discovery of a new AHL molecule produced by R. solanacearum demonstrates the existence of a great diversity of QS communication mechanisms. Both, virulence and QS need to be widely studied to know more and more the factors related to the aggressiveness of R. solanacearum and its variability. Keywords: Ralstonia solanacearum. Quorum sensing. Aggressiveness.
The Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex (RSSC) groups bacterial isolates of Ralstonia sp. that infect a wide range of hosts with worldwide economic impact infect more than 250 plant species in 54 botanical families. Its virulence mechanisms have been shown to be diverse and may be adaptable to the host and the environment. Biofilm formation is considered the main factor that results in the appearance of wilting symptoms in plants. Biofilm formation requires a series of signaling and regulatory systems, including Quorum Sensing (QS) communication systems. Knowing the phenotypes related to the virulence of the species of this complex is fundamental for developing control methods. Thus, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate the virulence-related phenotypes of isolates obtained from all over Brazil and to characterize the biofilm formation of these isolates about their morphology and biofilm formation capacity, as well as to evaluate the motility and aggressiveness in plants likely tomato. Furthermore, to determine the production of N-Acyl-Homoserine Lactone (AHL) molecules by these isolates, identify this molecule and understand the phenotypes that can be regulated by the QS mechanism mediated by AHLs. In this study, the diversity of biofilm morphotypes obtained by confocal laser scanning microscopy and different patterns of motility and colony morphology in Congo red was determined. It was observed that in vitro, weak biofilm forming isolates can be aggressive and form biofilm in the vascular xylem wall of tomato plants. Most of the isolates produced AHLs. Two isolates (IBSBF2576 and LPF750) used for detection showed N-butanol-AHL (C4-AHL), revealing an AI-1 QS system not yet described in R. solanacearum. To determine the phenotypic effect of the absence of AHLs produced by the R. solanacearum isolates, a plasmid expressing a lactonase that breaks the lactone ring of the AHLs was inserted into the IBSBF2576 and LPF750 isolates. An important change in biofilm formation in vitro was observed, in addition to a significant reduction in twitching, swarming and swimming motility, increased resistance to oxidative stress and maintenance of the absence of aggressiveness in tomatoes. These results reinforce that the genetic diversity present in the RSSC is reflected in the phenotypes of virulence and biofilm formation; in addition, the discovery of a new AHL molecule produced by R. solanacearum demonstrates the existence of a great diversity of QS communication mechanisms. Both, virulence and QS need to be widely studied to know more and more the factors related to the aggressiveness of R. solanacearum and its variability. Keywords: Ralstonia solanacearum. Quorum sensing. Aggressiveness.
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PEREIRA, Bruna Maria Magro. Fenótipos relacionados à agressividade de isolados do complexo de espécies Ralstonia solanacearum. 2022. 98 f. Tese (Doutorado em Microbiologia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2022.
