Efeitos da pandemia da COVID-19 sobre a oferta de trabalho de homens e mulheres no Brasil
Loading...
Date
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A partir da estimação do modelo Probit Ordenado e utilização dos dados trimestrais referentes ao período 2018-2020 da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNADC), este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os efeitos da crise sanitária da Covid-19 sobre a oferta de horas de trabalho de homens e mulheres no Brasil. Inicialmente, estimou-se os efeitos da Covid-19 sobre a probabilidade de homens e mulheres ofertarem determinados intervalos de horas de trabalho. Os resultados sugeriram que com o advento da pandemia da Covid-19 tanto homens quanto mulheres tiveram reduções nas jornadas de trabalho. Entretanto, os efeitos foram mais elevados para as mulheres, denotando que elas foram mais impactadas pela Covid- 19 que eles. Posteriormente, analisou-se os efeitos da presença de filhos menores de idade durante a pandemia de Covid-19 sobre a probabilidade de oferta de determinados intervalos de horas de trabalho. Para tal, foi criada uma dummy de interação que denota a presença de filhos menores de idade com o advento da pandemia. Os resultados apontaram que a presença de filhos de até 5 anos impactam negativamente a probabilidade de as mães ofertarem mais de 14h de trabalho remunerado durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Entretanto, para os homens o efeito é contrário, ou seja, a presença de filhos em qualquer faixa etária aumenta a probabilidade de os mesmos trabalharem 40h ou mais durante a semana de referência. Esses resultados sugerem que as mulheres, especialmente aquelas com filhos de até 5 anos, foram as mais impactadas durante a pandemia de Covid-19 em termos de redução da jornada de trabalho. Portanto, como política pública, sugere-se a expansão dos estabelecimentos de cuidados infantis, dado que esses são um importante fator de redução da jornada de trabalho das mães, sendo tal efeito ampliado durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Palavras-chave: Oferta de Trabalho. Covid-19. Discrepância de gênero. Análise de regressão - Métodos estatísticos.
This paper aims to analyze the effects of the Covid-19 health crisis on the number of worked hours for men and women in Brazil. Based on the estimation of the Ordered Probit model and use of quarterly data for the period 2018-2020 of the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNADC). Thus, initially, the effects of Covid-19 on the probability of men and women offer certain intervals of worked hours are estimated. The results suggest that due to Covid-19, both men and women had reductions at their worked hours. However, the effects were greater for women. This evidence suggests that women were more impacted by Covid-19 than men. Subsequently, the effects of the presence of underage children during the Covid-19 pandemic on the probability of offer certain breaks of worked hours are estimated. For this, an interaction dummy was created that denotes the presence of underage children with the presence of Covid- 19. The results suggest that children up to 5 years old negatively impact the probability of mothers offers 40 hours or more of paid work during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, for men, the effect is the opposite, that is, the presence of children in any age group increases the probability that they will work 40 hours or more during the reference week. These results suggest that women, especially those with children up to 5 years of age, were the most impacted during the Covid-19 pandemic, in terms of reduced worked hours. This effect suggests that women are still the majority responsible for domestic care compared to men. Therefore, as a public policy, the expansion of child care facilities is suggested, as these are an important factor in reducing the work hours of mothers, and this effect was magnified during the Covid-19 pandemic. Keywords: Job Offer. Covid-19. Gender discrepancy. Regression analysis - Statistical methods.
This paper aims to analyze the effects of the Covid-19 health crisis on the number of worked hours for men and women in Brazil. Based on the estimation of the Ordered Probit model and use of quarterly data for the period 2018-2020 of the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNADC). Thus, initially, the effects of Covid-19 on the probability of men and women offer certain intervals of worked hours are estimated. The results suggest that due to Covid-19, both men and women had reductions at their worked hours. However, the effects were greater for women. This evidence suggests that women were more impacted by Covid-19 than men. Subsequently, the effects of the presence of underage children during the Covid-19 pandemic on the probability of offer certain breaks of worked hours are estimated. For this, an interaction dummy was created that denotes the presence of underage children with the presence of Covid- 19. The results suggest that children up to 5 years old negatively impact the probability of mothers offers 40 hours or more of paid work during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, for men, the effect is the opposite, that is, the presence of children in any age group increases the probability that they will work 40 hours or more during the reference week. These results suggest that women, especially those with children up to 5 years of age, were the most impacted during the Covid-19 pandemic, in terms of reduced worked hours. This effect suggests that women are still the majority responsible for domestic care compared to men. Therefore, as a public policy, the expansion of child care facilities is suggested, as these are an important factor in reducing the work hours of mothers, and this effect was magnified during the Covid-19 pandemic. Keywords: Job Offer. Covid-19. Gender discrepancy. Regression analysis - Statistical methods.
Description
Citation
MOUZINHO, Isabela Tenório. Efeitos da pandemia da COVID-19 sobre a oferta de trabalho de homens e mulheres no Brasil. 2021. 34 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Economia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2021.
