Avaliação do consumo de kombucha de chá preto nos parâmetros antropométricos e cardiometabólicos, considerando a qualidade da dieta de indivíduos eutróficos e com obesidade
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A obesidade atingiu proporções epidêmicas mundialmente, afetando praticamente
todas as faixas etárias e grupos socioeconômicos. Vários alimentos são sugeridos
como coadjuvantes no tratamento da obesidade, dentre eles destaca-se a kombucha.
Esta é uma bebida fermentada, obtida pela infusão ou extrato de Camellia sinensis e
açúcares, fermentada por uma cultura simbiótica de bactérias e leveduras
microbiologicamente ativas (SCOBY). A sua complexa composição rica em
compostos fenólicos e ácidos orgânicos agrega a bebida efeitos antioxidantes e anti-
inflamatórios. Embora os estudos em animais e in vitro indiquem resultados
promissores do consumo de kombucha para a saude, é necessário explorar os efeitos
do seu consumo na saúde humana. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar
o efeito do consumo regular de kombucha de chá preto na antropometria e nos
marcadores cardiometabólicos, considerando a qualidade da dieta de indivíduos
eutróficos e com obesidade. Trata-se de um estudo clínico com duração de oito
semanas consecutivas. Foram recrutados 46 indivíduos, os quais foram distribuídos
em 2 grupos: eutróficos + 200 mL de kombucha de chá preto (n = 23) e participantes
com obesidade + 200 mL de kombucha de chá preto (n = 23). Foram realizadas
avaliações antropométricas [peso, estatura, Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC),
perímetros da cintura e quadril, relação cintura/quadril e cintura/estatura, percentual
de gordura corporal] e de ingestão alimentar (questionário de frequência alimentar), e
coleta de sangue para avaliação dos marcadores cardiometabólicos (perfil lipídico,
enzimas hepáticas, glicose, insulina e resistência à insulina). A partir dos dados de
ingestão alimentar foram calculados o conteúdo total de polifenóis, o Índice
Inflamatório da Dieta (ID) e a Capacidade Antioxidante Total da dieta (CATd) para
analisar a variação da qualidade da dieta dos participantes entre o início e após a
intervenção. O teste t pareado (ou Wilcoxon) foi aplicado para comparar diferenças
entre pré e pós-intervenção para um mesmo indivíduo. Também foram realizadas
análises estratificadas por grupo (eutrofico e com obesidade) considerando o aumento
ou diminuição dos parâmetros de qualidade da dieta, ID e CATd no final do estudo
em relação ao baseline. Foi adotado nível de significância estatística de 5% (a = 0,05)
para todas as análises. No total 36 indivíduos completaram o estudo, sendo 20 no
grupo eutrófico e 16 no grupo obesidade. Os participantes com obesidade
apresentaram diminuição significativa da insulina e da enzima hepática GGT após o
consumo da kombucha e aqueles que diminuíram o IID e aumentaram CATd, também
apresentaram menor peso corporal e IMC. Nos indivíduos eutróficos a bebida implicou
em um efeito benéfico, menor relação cintura-quadril, naqueles que apresentaram
aumento na CATd. Ao analisar o conteúdo de polifenóis totais da dieta considerando
a quantia presente na bebida, destaca-se uma compensação importante da
diminuição da ingestão de polifenóis totais na alimentação dos indivíduos eutróficos
após a intervenção. Em conclusão, o consumo de kombucha de chá preto impactou
positivamente na saúde metabólica, principalmente, em indivíduos com obesidade
quando aliado a um padrão alimentar com baixo potencial inflamatório e ricos em
alimentos antioxidantes.
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide, affecting almost all age and socioeconomic groups. Several foods have been suggested as adjuvants in the treatment of obesity. Among them, there is kombucha, a fermented beverage obtained by the infusion or extract of Camelia sinensis and sugars, fermented by a microbiologically active Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast (SCOBY). lts complex composition, rich in phenolic compounds and organic acids, attributes the drink a protective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Although animal and in vitro studies indicate promising benefits ffom kombucha consumption, exploring its impact on human health is necessary. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of regular consumption of black tea kombucha on anthropometry and cardiometabolic parameters, considering the diet's quality of individuals with and without obesity. This is a clinical study of eight consecutive weeks. Forty-six individuals were recruited and divided into two groups: without obesity + 200 mL of black tea kombucha (n = 23) and with obesity + 200 mL of black tea kombucha (n = 23). Measurements of anthropometry [weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), waist and hip circumference, height waist ratio and height hip ratio, percentage of body mass), food intake assessments (frequency food questionnaire), and cardiometabolic markers (lipid profile, liver enzymes, glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance) were made. From the food intake data, the total content of polyphenols, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DIl), and Total Antioxidant Capacity of the diet (DTAC) were calculated to analyze the variation in the diet's quality of the participants between the baseline and the end of treatment. A paired t-test (or Wilcoxon) was applied to compare differences between pre-and post-intervention for the same individual. Stratifed analyzes were also performed by group (with and without obesity) considering the increase or decrease in the parameters of diet's quality, Dil and DTAC, at the end of the study in relation to the baseline. Statistical significance level of 5% (a = 0.05) was adopted for all analyses. A total of 36 individuals kombucha consumption, participants with obesity had a significant decrease in insulin and liver enzyme GGT. Those who decreased Dll and increased DTAC also had lower body weight and BMI. In individuals without obesity, the beverage implied a beneficial effect, lower waist-hip ratio, in those who showed an increase in DTAC. When analyzing the content of polyphenols in the diet considering the amount present in kombucha, an important compensation of the decrease in the intake of total polyphenols in the diet of participants without obesity was observed after the treatment. In conclusion, the consumption of black tea kombucha positively impacted metabolic health, specially in individuals with obesity, when combined with a dietary anti- inflammatory pattern and rich in antioxidant foods. Keywords: Obesity. Anthropometry. Kombucha. Diet. Phenolic Compounds. Antioxidants.
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide, affecting almost all age and socioeconomic groups. Several foods have been suggested as adjuvants in the treatment of obesity. Among them, there is kombucha, a fermented beverage obtained by the infusion or extract of Camelia sinensis and sugars, fermented by a microbiologically active Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast (SCOBY). lts complex composition, rich in phenolic compounds and organic acids, attributes the drink a protective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Although animal and in vitro studies indicate promising benefits ffom kombucha consumption, exploring its impact on human health is necessary. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of regular consumption of black tea kombucha on anthropometry and cardiometabolic parameters, considering the diet's quality of individuals with and without obesity. This is a clinical study of eight consecutive weeks. Forty-six individuals were recruited and divided into two groups: without obesity + 200 mL of black tea kombucha (n = 23) and with obesity + 200 mL of black tea kombucha (n = 23). Measurements of anthropometry [weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), waist and hip circumference, height waist ratio and height hip ratio, percentage of body mass), food intake assessments (frequency food questionnaire), and cardiometabolic markers (lipid profile, liver enzymes, glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance) were made. From the food intake data, the total content of polyphenols, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DIl), and Total Antioxidant Capacity of the diet (DTAC) were calculated to analyze the variation in the diet's quality of the participants between the baseline and the end of treatment. A paired t-test (or Wilcoxon) was applied to compare differences between pre-and post-intervention for the same individual. Stratifed analyzes were also performed by group (with and without obesity) considering the increase or decrease in the parameters of diet's quality, Dil and DTAC, at the end of the study in relation to the baseline. Statistical significance level of 5% (a = 0.05) was adopted for all analyses. A total of 36 individuals kombucha consumption, participants with obesity had a significant decrease in insulin and liver enzyme GGT. Those who decreased Dll and increased DTAC also had lower body weight and BMI. In individuals without obesity, the beverage implied a beneficial effect, lower waist-hip ratio, in those who showed an increase in DTAC. When analyzing the content of polyphenols in the diet considering the amount present in kombucha, an important compensation of the decrease in the intake of total polyphenols in the diet of participants without obesity was observed after the treatment. In conclusion, the consumption of black tea kombucha positively impacted metabolic health, specially in individuals with obesity, when combined with a dietary anti- inflammatory pattern and rich in antioxidant foods. Keywords: Obesity. Anthropometry. Kombucha. Diet. Phenolic Compounds. Antioxidants.
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Citation
FRAIZ, Gabriela Macedo. Avaliação do consumo de kombucha de chá preto nos parâmetros
antropométricos e cardiometabólicos, considerando a qualidade da dieta de
indivíduos eutróficos e com obesidade. 2022. 111 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência da Nutrição) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2022.
