Redes e suporte social para alunos cotistas no ensino superior brasileiro
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de testar a hipótese de que, para a permanência no ensino superior, os estudantes cotistas dependem mais das redes sociais de suporte acadêmico do que os não cotistas. Isso, porque necessitam de mais assistência estudantil, em função das condições financeiras familiares, de apoio e auxílio dos amigos para os estudos, por terem cursado uma formação precária do ensino médio, além do fato de ser frequente possuírem origem de famílias analfabetas ou semianalfabetas. O alicerce teórico e conceitual que fundamenta tal hipótese foi construído utilizando-se a teoria do capital social e das análises de redes. Foram aplicados questionários eletrônicos compartilhados em grupos do Facebook de todas as universidades federais brasileiras, o que permitiu obter uma amostra de 1209 estudantes de graduação. A análise fatorial exploratória foi utiliza para obter os fatores que agregam as relações sociais estabelecidas pelos estudantes que são fontes de apoio para sua permanência ao ensino superior. Em seguida, estes fatores foram combinados para a construção do Índice de Suporte Social dos estudantes, proxy do apoio para lidar com os desafios de permanência ao ensino superior. Para as comparações do ISSP entre os diferentes grupos, foram utilizados os testes U de Mann-Whitney e o de Amostras Independentes de Kruskal- Wallis. Para a análise de qual o apoio mais importante em cada um dos grupos, adotou-se o Teste de Wilcoxon para amostras pareadas. Também foram empregados modelos de Regressão Logistica Multinomial com erros-padrão robustos para estimar as probabilidades de ocorrência das possibilidades de permanência e, desta forma, verificar se há relações entre o nível de suporte social e a propensão à permanência no ensino superior. O estudo das dimensões estrutural, funcional e relacional-contextual das redes sociais dos estudantes foi viabilizado pelas análises gráficas e estatísticas, como o Teste U de Mann-Whitney e a correlação de Spearman e o software R project. A adoção destes diferentes procedimentos metodológicos permitiu comprovar a hipótese principal levantada nesta tese de que os estudantes cotistas dependem mais das redes sociais de suporte acadêmico do que os não cotistas. Isso, porque se verificou que estes estudantes procuram estabelecer maior diversidade de relações sociais ao ingressar no contexto do ensino superior e atribuem maior relevância a tais relacionamentos para a sua permanência na graduação. Assim, têm-se como conclusões e sugestões de políticas, a ampliação da política de assistência estudantil, tendo em vista a relevância dos atores relacionados a tais políticas nas redes sociais e permanência no ensino superior dos estudantes cotistas. Também, sugere-se como ações e políticas no âmbito da gestão das universidades, o fortalecimento dos vínculos entre os estudantes e demais atores institucionais, tais como professores e coordenadores de curso. Além disso, sugere-se o incentivo à participação dos estudantes em grupos e movimentos sociais. Palavras-chave: Redes sociais. Política de cotas sociais. Capital social.
This study was carried out with the objective of testing the hypothesis that quota students depend more on social networks for academic support to remain in higher education than non-quota students. This is because they need more student assistance, due to family financial conditions, support and help from friends for studies, because they have attended a precarious high school education, in addition to the fact that they often come from illterate or semi-illiterate families. The theoretical and conceptual foundation that supports this hypothesis was built using the theory of social capital and network analysis. Electronic questionnaires shared in Facebook groups of all Brazilian federal universities were applied, which allowed obtaining a sample of 1209 undergraduate students. Factor analysis was used to obtain the factors aggregated by students who are sources of higher support to obtain their permanence to remain in higher education. Then, these factors were combined to build the Student Social Support Index, a proxy for support to deal with the challenges of staying in higher education. For ISSP comparisons between the different groups, the Mann-Whitnhey U tests and the Kruskal-Wallis Independent samples tests were used. For an analysis of the support in each of the groups, the Wilxon Test for the sample is more important. Multinomial regression models with robust standard errors were also used to estimate the probability of occurrence of the logistic possibilities of permanence and, in this way, to verify if there are relationships between the level of social support and a propensity to remain in higher education. The study of the structural, functional and relational-contextual dimensions of the students was made possible by comparisons and statistics, such as Mann's U Test and a social network project, Spearman and R graphs. An adoption of these different procedures will allow verifying a hypothesis raised in this thesis that quota students more from social networks of complementary support attended to that non-quota students. This is because it is superior-context up the diversity of social studies that study to teaching and attribute greater number of relationships to their institution in the institution. Study how to help policies, student education, in view of the social networks of related companies and not remain in higher education. It is also suggested, as actions and policies in the scope of management between universities, the strengthening of ties with students and other institutions, such as professors and courses. In addition, it is suggested to encourage the participation of students in social groups and movements. Keywords: Network. Social quota policy. Social capital.
This study was carried out with the objective of testing the hypothesis that quota students depend more on social networks for academic support to remain in higher education than non-quota students. This is because they need more student assistance, due to family financial conditions, support and help from friends for studies, because they have attended a precarious high school education, in addition to the fact that they often come from illterate or semi-illiterate families. The theoretical and conceptual foundation that supports this hypothesis was built using the theory of social capital and network analysis. Electronic questionnaires shared in Facebook groups of all Brazilian federal universities were applied, which allowed obtaining a sample of 1209 undergraduate students. Factor analysis was used to obtain the factors aggregated by students who are sources of higher support to obtain their permanence to remain in higher education. Then, these factors were combined to build the Student Social Support Index, a proxy for support to deal with the challenges of staying in higher education. For ISSP comparisons between the different groups, the Mann-Whitnhey U tests and the Kruskal-Wallis Independent samples tests were used. For an analysis of the support in each of the groups, the Wilxon Test for the sample is more important. Multinomial regression models with robust standard errors were also used to estimate the probability of occurrence of the logistic possibilities of permanence and, in this way, to verify if there are relationships between the level of social support and a propensity to remain in higher education. The study of the structural, functional and relational-contextual dimensions of the students was made possible by comparisons and statistics, such as Mann's U Test and a social network project, Spearman and R graphs. An adoption of these different procedures will allow verifying a hypothesis raised in this thesis that quota students more from social networks of complementary support attended to that non-quota students. This is because it is superior-context up the diversity of social studies that study to teaching and attribute greater number of relationships to their institution in the institution. Study how to help policies, student education, in view of the social networks of related companies and not remain in higher education. It is also suggested, as actions and policies in the scope of management between universities, the strengthening of ties with students and other institutions, such as professors and courses. In addition, it is suggested to encourage the participation of students in social groups and movements. Keywords: Network. Social quota policy. Social capital.
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BRAGA, Sabrina Olimpio Caldas de Castro. Redes e suporte social para alunos cotistas no ensino superior brasileiro. 2022. 152 f. Tese (Doutorado em Administração) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2022.
