Efeito de um dispositivo LED no controle fotoperiódico na produção de mudas e flores do crisântemo (Dendranthema grandiflorum T.)
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O crisântemo é uma das quatro plantas ornamentais mais cultivada no mundo, e seu cultivo engloba as produções de plantas matrizes para obter material vegetativo, estacas enraizadas, flor para corte e planta para vaso. O crisântemo é uma planta de dias curtos com rápida indução floral, exigindo dias longos para o crescimento vegetativo. Lâmpadas incandescentes são o meio mais comum de promover dias longos artificialmente, porém, o consumo elevado de energia elétrica aumenta os custos de produção. Alternativamente, o LED (Light Emiting Diode) possui maior durabilidade, eficiência energética e produção de luz de faixa espectral específica. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do dispositivo LED (lâmpada LED) desenvolvido pelo Departamento de Agronomia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brasil, na produção de estacas enraizadas e flores do crisântemo, em três experimentos: i) produção de estacas enraizadas de duas variedades de crisântemo (Rage e Sunny Reagan) sob noite interrompida (NI) com dispositivo LED, ii) produção de crisântemo para flor de corte sob NI com diferentes tipos de lâmpadas, e iii) viabilidade econômica da substituição do sistema de iluminação com lâmpadas incandescentes 100 W por LED de 18 ou 6 W. O dispositivo LED aumentou o número de folhas, área foliar, comprimento do caule, e peso seco das folhas e caule das estacas enraizadas de ambas variedades, contudo, não afetou o número, comprimento e peso seco das raízes. Os diferentes tipos de lâmpadas utilizados durante os dias longos foram eficientes em inibir o florescimento das plantas de crisântemo, permitindo que as hastes florais atingissem comprimento adequado à comercialização, sem diferenças entre os tratamentos. A substituição do sistema de iluminação com lâmpadas incandescentes por LED 18 ou 6 W tiveram alto custo inicial, porém, ao final de 6 anos de planejamento, tiveram valor presente líquido (VPL) positivo, taxa interna de retorno (TIR) maior que a taxa de atratividade (6,50 %), e período de retorno do investimento inicial (Payback) menor que 39 meses para ambos os cenários estudados (produção de flor para corte e planta em vaso). Portanto, a iluminação NI com o dispositivo LEDs é eficiente na promoção de dias longos, gerando estacas enraizadas e hastes florais de alta qualidade, e embora com alto custo de implantação, são economicamente viáveis e atrativas. Palavras-chave: Fotoperíodo. Iluminação artificial. Inibição do florescimento.
Chrysanthemum is one of the four most cultivated ornamental plants in the worldwide, and its cultivation includes productions of mother stocks to obtain vegetative material, rooted cuttings, cut flower and potted plant. Chrysanthemum is a short-day plant with fast floral induction, requiring long days for vegetative growth. Incandescent lamps are the most common means to promoting long days artificially, however, the high electric energy consumption increases production costs. Alternatively, the LED (Light Emitting Diode) has greater durability, energy efficiency and light production of specific spectral range. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the LED device developed by the Department of Agronomy at the University of Viçosa, Brazil, in the rooted cutting and flowers chrysanthemum production, in three experiments: i) production of rooted cuttings of two varieties of chrysanthemum (Rage and Sunny Reagan) under night interruption (NI) with LED device, ii) chrysanthemum production for cut flower under NI with different types of lamps, and iii) economic feasibility of replacing the 100 W incandescent lamp lighting system with 18 and 6 W LED. The LED device increased the number of leaves, leaf area, stem length, and dry weight of leaves and stem of rooted cuttings of both varieties, however, did not affect the roots number, length and dry weight. The different types of lamps used during the long days were efficient in inhibiting the flowering of the chrysanthemum plants, allowing the floral stems to reach an appropriate length for commercialization, without differences between treatments. The replacement of the incandescent lamps lighting system with 18 or 6 W LED had a high initial cost, however, after 6 years of planning, they had a positive net present value (NPV), an internal rate of return (IRR) greater than the rate of attractiveness (6,50 %), and a payback period (Payback) less than 39 moths for both studied scenarios (cut flower and potted plant production). Therefore, NI lighting with LED device is efficient in long days promotion, generating high- quality rooted cuttings and floral stems, and despite the high implementation cost, they are economically viable and attractive. Keywords: Photoperiod. Artificial lighting. Flowering inhibition.
Chrysanthemum is one of the four most cultivated ornamental plants in the worldwide, and its cultivation includes productions of mother stocks to obtain vegetative material, rooted cuttings, cut flower and potted plant. Chrysanthemum is a short-day plant with fast floral induction, requiring long days for vegetative growth. Incandescent lamps are the most common means to promoting long days artificially, however, the high electric energy consumption increases production costs. Alternatively, the LED (Light Emitting Diode) has greater durability, energy efficiency and light production of specific spectral range. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the LED device developed by the Department of Agronomy at the University of Viçosa, Brazil, in the rooted cutting and flowers chrysanthemum production, in three experiments: i) production of rooted cuttings of two varieties of chrysanthemum (Rage and Sunny Reagan) under night interruption (NI) with LED device, ii) chrysanthemum production for cut flower under NI with different types of lamps, and iii) economic feasibility of replacing the 100 W incandescent lamp lighting system with 18 and 6 W LED. The LED device increased the number of leaves, leaf area, stem length, and dry weight of leaves and stem of rooted cuttings of both varieties, however, did not affect the roots number, length and dry weight. The different types of lamps used during the long days were efficient in inhibiting the flowering of the chrysanthemum plants, allowing the floral stems to reach an appropriate length for commercialization, without differences between treatments. The replacement of the incandescent lamps lighting system with 18 or 6 W LED had a high initial cost, however, after 6 years of planning, they had a positive net present value (NPV), an internal rate of return (IRR) greater than the rate of attractiveness (6,50 %), and a payback period (Payback) less than 39 moths for both studied scenarios (cut flower and potted plant production). Therefore, NI lighting with LED device is efficient in long days promotion, generating high- quality rooted cuttings and floral stems, and despite the high implementation cost, they are economically viable and attractive. Keywords: Photoperiod. Artificial lighting. Flowering inhibition.
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RIBEIRO, Ricardo Pires. Efeito de um dispositivo LED no controle fotoperiódico na produção de mudas e flores do crisântemo (Dendranthema grandiflorum T.). 2021. 64 f. Tese (Doutorado em Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2021.
